前震研究进展综述

Abstract

Abstract: This paper briefly introduces current progress in the field of foreshock research, both in China and abroad. We contrast common characteristics and the mechanism of foreshocks and foreshock sequence under the different definitions of foreshocks. The main recognition methods of foreshock and its characteristics and existing problems are reviewed and discussed. Foreshocks are small earthquakes that occurred before the mainshock and adjacent to the main source location. Foreshocks sequence is consisted of a series of foreshock activities occurred before the mainshock. The proportion of earthquake cases includes direct foreshock ranged from 10~40% at different defined conditions of foreshock. Theoretically, cascade model or pre-slid model can explain foreshock. Foreshocks are mainly concentrated in the range of 10~75 km off the mainshock, but its time distribution form is very complicated, mostly 1 to 2 days before mainshock, the seismicity rate of part of foreshock sequences show significant acceleration features, but many foreshock sequences often show attenuation characteristics of mainshock-aftershock sequences. The most prominent feature of foreshocks is consistency of focal mechanism and low b value of earthquake sequence. Foreshocks seem to have a certain relationship with tectonic environment and the rupture form of mainshock, and in some cases, the dip-thrusting earthquakes seem to have relatively more foreshocks. Some earthquake cases show that focal depth of foreshocks gradually moves downward with the mainshock approaching. So far, it is difficult to determine whether an earthquake or an earthquake sequence is foreshock or foreshock sequence before earthquake, the identification method of foreshock mainly including statistical method of analogy, focal consistent mechanism and related derivative method, the fine detection of earthquake nucleation process. From the few existing studies of earthquake cases, in spite of temporal earthquake clusters and focal consistent mechanism are the most significant features of foreshock sequence, not sufficient condition for judgment foreshock sequence. Due to the rupture rate of expansion and sliding displacement have a tendency to increase faster over time, thus the method of the fine detection of earthquake nucleation process is expected to play a more important role in the identification of foreshock.

Key words: Foreshocks, Foreshocks identification, Mechanism of foreshocks, Earthquake prediction

CLC Number:

P315.7

ZHOU Shao-hui, JIANG Hai-kun. A Review of Foreshock Research[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2016, 36(3): 1-13.

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A Review of Foreshock Research

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