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地震

地震 ›› 2010, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 28-35.

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全球强震活动纬度分布特征及其解释

陈学忠1, 李艳娥1, 赵晓燕2   

  1. 1.中国地震局地球物理研究所, 北京 100081;
    2.防灾科技学院, 河北 三河 065201
  • 收稿日期:2009-07-14 修回日期:2009-08-25 出版日期:2010-01-31 发布日期:2021-10-15
  • 作者简介:陈学忠(1963-), 男, 重庆永川人, 研究员, 主要从事数字地震学、 地震成因和地震预报方法等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    地震科学联合基金(106024)和地震行业科研专项(200708023)资助

Characteristics of the Latitude Distribution of Global Strong Earthquakes and its Interpretation

CHEN Xue-zhong1, LI Yan-e1, ZHAO Xiao-yan2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geophysics, CEA, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Institute of Disaster-prevention Science and Technology, Sanhe, Hebei 065201, China
  • Received:2009-07-14 Revised:2009-08-25 Online:2010-01-31 Published:2021-10-15

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摘要： 利用1900年以来全球MS≥7.0地震目录, 分析了全球强震随纬度分布特征, 得到的结果显示: 全球强震主要分布在35°S~65°N之间, 中心点在15°N附近, 而非以赤道为对称点的分布; 在0°~180°W之间的地震, 主要分布在45°S~15°N之间, 中心点在15°S附近; 在90°W~90°E之间的地震, 主要分布在40°S~40°N之间, 中心点在赤道附近; 在0°~180°E之间的地震, 主要分布在25°S~55°N之间, 中心点在15°N附近。 分析表明, 全球强震的纬度分布特征与潮汐引起的地球自转动能变化随纬度的分布具有很好的一致性, 说明地震的发生与地球自转动能有关。 由于地球自转速率变化, 将引起不同质量的地球岩石圈块体之间产生相互作用(非弹性碰撞), 这种相互作用可能是引起地震的主要成因之一。 非弹性碰撞会造成块体动能的损失, 地震所释放的能量就来自于所损失的动能。

关键词: 全球强震, 纬度分布, 地球自转, 岩石圈块体, 相互作用

Abstract: From analysiing the latitude distribution of M≥7.0 earthquakes since 1900 in the globe, it is found that M≥7.0 earthquakes distribute mainly in the latitude range of 35°S to 65°N. The central point is at about 15°N, rather than at the equator. Earthquakes occurring in the longitude range from 0°W to 180°W distribute mainly in the latitude range of 45°S to 25°N with the central point at about 15°S, those between 90°W and 90°E distribute mainly in the latitude range of 40°S to 40°N with the central point nearly at the equator, and those between 0°E and 180°E distribute mainly in the latitude range of 25°S to 55°N with the central point at about 15°N. Further, it is found that the latitude distribution of strong earthquakes in the world coincide with that of the change of kinetic energy of the earth orientation caused by the tide, suggesting that occurrence of strong earthquakes is related to the kinetic energy of the earth orientation. The interaction (inelastic collision) between plates with different masses in the earth lithosphere will take place due to variation in the velocity of the earth orientation, which could be one of the main causes of earthquakes. The inelastic collision could cause some losses of kinetic energy of the plates. The seismic energy could result from the lost kinetic energy.

Key words: Global strong earthquake, Latitude distribution, Earth orientation, Earth lithosphere, Interaction

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