2020年嫩江ML4.6地震前断层土壤气地球化学特征与构造活动关系研究

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2025.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 流体地球化学在地震短临预测、地震前兆研究以及构造活动分析中发挥着重要作用。基于松辽盆地断层土壤气Hg和H₂浓度野外定点连续观测及定期流动测量数据, 分析讨论了2020年2月7日黑龙江嫩江M_L4.6地震前, 气体地球化学短临异常与火山区小震活动、卫星热红外长波辐射以及日本海板块俯冲动力作用的关系。取得认识如下: ① 肇东断层土壤气Hg和H₂浓度在嫩江M_L4.6地震前存在准同步异常。 ② 2020年嫩江M_L4.6地震前, 讷谟尔河断裂上的龙河镇与和平镇测线土壤气H₂浓度低值异常与五大连池火山区小震活动频度下降相关。 ③ 嫩江M_L4.6地震前后热红外长波辐射涡度场存在明显的时空演化特征, 空间上, 涡度场异常区沿嫩江断裂向震中区逐渐演化; 时间上, 低值异常时段与土壤气H₂浓度低值、火山区小震活动年度低频较为同步。 ④ 嫩江M_L4.6地震前断层土壤气异常与构造活动存在一定的内在联系。

关键词: 流体地球化学, 断层土壤气, 构造活动, 2020年嫩江M_L4.6地震

Abstract: Fluid geochemistry plays an important role in short-term and imminent earthquake prediction, earthquake precursor research and tectonic activity analysis. Based on field fixed-point observations and flow measurements of fault soil gas Hg and H₂ concentrations in the Songliao Basin, the relationship between short-term and imminent gas geochemical anomalies and small earthquakes in volcanic areas, satellite thermal red long-wave radiation, and the subduction dynamics of the Japan Sea plate before the Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake in Heilongjiang on February 7, 2020 is analyzed and discussed. The conclusions are as follows: ① There is a quasi-synchronous anomaly in soil gas Hg and H₂ concentrations in Zhaodong fault before the Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake. ② Before the Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake in 2020, the low value anomaly of soil gas H₂ concentration on the Longhe Town and Heping Town survey lines on the Nemoer River fault was related to the decrease in the frequency of small earthquakes in the Wudalianchi Volcanic Area. ③ The vorticity field of thermal red long-wave radiation before and after the Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake has obvious temporal and spatial evolution characteristics. In space, the vorticity field anomaly area gradually evolves along the Nenjiang fault to the epicenter area; In time, the low value anomaly period is synchronized with the low value of soil gas H₂ concentration and the annual low frequency of small earthquakes in volcanic areas. ④ Before the Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake, the fault soil gas anomaly is intrinsically related to tectonic activity.

Key words: Fluid geochemistry, Fault soil gas, Tectonic activity, the 2020 Nenjiang M_L4.6 earthquake

中图分类号:

P315.7

李继业, 马龙辰, 胡澜缤, 康健, 刘双, 年华. 2020年嫩江M_L4.6地震前断层土壤气地球化学特征与构造活动关系研究[J]. 地震, 2025, 45(2): 85-99.

LI Ji-ye, MA Long-chen, HU Lan-bin, KANG Jian, LIU Shuang, NIAN Hua. Relationship between Geochemical Characteristics of Fault Soil Gas and Tectonic Activity before the 2020 Nenjiang M_L4.6 Earthquake[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2025, 45(2): 85-99.

参考文献

[1] 李营, 方震, 张晨蕾, 等. 地震流体地球化学短临预测研究进展与展望[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 593-621.
LI Ying, FANG Zhen, ZHANG Chen-lei, et al. Research progress and prospect of seismic fluid geochemistry in short-imminent earthquake prediction[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2023, 45(3): 593-621 (in Chinese).
[2] 高小其, 蒋雨函, 孙小龙, 等. 天山和西秦岭断裂带断层气地球化学特征分析[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 2022, 43(S1): 196-197.
GAO Xiao-qi, JIANG Yu-han, SUN Xiao-long, et al. Comparative analysis of the geochemical characteristics of fault gas in the Tianshan and west Qinling fault zones[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 2022, 43(S1): 196-197 (in Chinese).
[3] 杨秋野, 张艳, 符力耘, 等. 应力变化与流体(水位、水温、水化学、土壤气等)变化的耦合机理及其在川滇地区地震前兆研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2020, 35(6): 2124-2133.
YANG Qiu-ye, ZHANG Yan, FU Li-yun, et al. Coupling mechanism of stress variation and groundwater (water level, water temperature, hydrochemistry, soil gas, etc.) and its application in earthquake precursors research in Sichuan and Yunnan regions[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2020, 35(6): 2124-2133 (in Chinese).
[4] Zhao Y X, Liu Z F, Li Y, et al. A case study of 10 years groundwater radon monitoring along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and in its adjacent regions: Implications for earthquake surveillance[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2021, 131: 105014.
[5] 王杰, 李献瑞, 杜承宸, 等. 汶川地震前的甲烷浓度异常及大气增温耦合[J]. 地学前缘, 2017, 24(3): 331-340.
WANG Jie, LI Xian-rui, DU Cheng-chen, et al. Aerial methane concentration anomaly and air temperature increase before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(3): 331-340 (in Chinese).
[6] 丁鉴海, 余素荣, 肖武军. 地震前兆与短临预报探索[J]. 地震, 2003, 23(3): 43-50.
DING Jian-hai, YU Su-rong, XIAO Wu-jun. Study on seismic precursors and short-term and imminent prediction[J]. Earthquake, 2003, 23(3): 43-50 (in Chinese).
[7] Cui Y J, Zheng C, Jiang L, et al. Variations of multiple gaseous emissions associated with the great Sumatra earthquakes in 2004 and 2005[J]. Chemical Geology, 2023, 618: 121311.
[8] 何苗, 吴立新, 崔静, 等. 汶川地震前多圈层短—临遥感异常回顾及其时空关联性[J]. 遥感学报, 2020, 24(6): 681-700.
HE Miao, WU Li-xin, CUI Jing, et al. Remote sensing anomalies of multiple geospheres before the Wenchuan earthquake and its spatiotemporal correlations[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2020, 24(6): 681-700 (in Chinese).
[9] 吴立新, 秦凯, 刘善军. 断裂活动及孕震过程遥感热异常分析的研究进展[J]. 测绘学报, 2017, 46(10): 1470-1481.
WU Li-xin, QIN Kai, LIU Shan-jun. Progress in analysis to remote sensed thermal abnormity with fault activity and seismogenic process[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017, 46(10): 1470-1481 (in Chinese).
[10] 吴立新, 毛文飞, 刘善军, 等. 岩石受力红外与微波辐射变化机理及地应力遥感关键问题[J]. 遥感学报, 2018, 22(S1): 146-161.
WU Li-xin, MAO Wen-fei, LIU Shan-jun, et al. Mechanisms of altering infrared-microwave radiation from stressed rock and key issues on crust stress remote sensing[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2018, 22(S1): 146-161 (in Chinese).
[11] 张玉芝. 松辽盆地深部壳幔尺度断裂与上部构造断裂系统的耦合关系[D]. 大庆: 东北石油大学, 2011.
ZHANG Yu-zhi. The coupling relationship of crust-mantle scale faults with the faults of upper construction in deep of Songliao Basin[D]. Daqing: Northeast Petroleum University, 2011 (in Chinese).
[12] 康健, 赵谊, 臧姗姗, 等. 依兰—伊通断裂方正—萝北段氢气特征研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2020, 15(2): 443-451.
KANG Jian, ZHAO Yi, ZHANG Shan-shan, et al. Study on hydrogen characteristics of Fangzheng-Luobei section of Yilan-Yitong fault[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2020, 15(2): 443-451 (in Chinese).
[13] 李继业, 赵谊, 任建辉, 等. 黑龙江中西部跨断层土壤氢气初步分析[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 2019, 40(4): 108-113.
LI Ji-ye, ZHAO Yi, REN Jian-hui, et al. Preliminary analysis of hydrogen in cross-fault in central west Heilongjiang Province[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 2019, 40(4): 108-113 (in Chinese).
[14] 李继业, 张彦吉, 高研, 等. 黑龙江肇东痕量氢野外定点观测实验与分析[J]. 中国地震, 2019, 35(1): 126-133.
LI Ji-ye, ZHANG Yan-ji, GAO Yan, et al. Experimental study on the trace hydrogen observation technology in the Zhaodong area of Heilongjiang Province[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2019, 35(1): 126-133 (in Chinese).
[15] 邵济安, 赵谊, 张福松, 等. 黑龙江省中西部地球排气与地震活动的探讨[J]. 岩石学报, 2010, 26(12): 3651-3656.
SHAO Ji-an, ZHAO Yi, ZHANG Fu-song, et al. Discussions on earth degassing and seismic activities in central west Heilongjiang Province[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2010, 26(12): 3651-3656 (in Chinese).
[16] 李继业, 胡澜缤, 李营, 等. 松原M_S5.1地震前断层土壤气H₂、 Hg地球化学特征与热红外异常响应研究[J]. 地震工程学报, 2023, 45(4): 933-945.
LI Ji-ye, HU Lan-bin, LI Ying, et al. Geochemical characteristics of H₂ and Hg in soil gas and thermal infrared anomaly response before Songyuan M_S5.1 earthquake[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2023, 45(4): 933-945 (in Chinese).
[17] 李继业, 胡澜缤, 康健, 等. 松辽盆地主要发震构造土壤氢气地球化学特征研究[J]. 地震, 2023, 43(1): 152-170.
LI Ji-ye, HU Lan-bin, KANG Jian, et al. Geochemical characteristics of soil hydrogen in main seismogenic tectonics in Songliao Basin[J]. Earthquake, 2023, 43(1): 152-170 (in Chinese).
[18] 葛荣峰, 张庆龙, 徐士银, 等. 松辽盆地长岭断陷构造演化及其动力学背景[J]. 地质学刊, 2009, 33(4): 346-358.
GE Rong-feng, ZHANG Qing-long, XU Shi-yin, et al. Structure evolution and its kinetic setting of Changling fault depression in Songliao Basin[J]. Journal of Geology, 2009, 33(4): 346-358 (in Chinese).
[19] 韩国卿, 刘永江, Neubauer Franz, 等. 松辽盆地西缘边界断裂带中北段尼尔基L型构造岩构造年代学及其构造意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(7): 1922-1934.
HAN Guo-qing, LIU Yong-jiang, NEUBAUER Franz, et al. Chronology of L-Type tectonite from Nierji area in the northern-middle segment of the western boundary fault of the Songliao Basin and its tectonic implications[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014, 30(7): 1922-1934 (in Chinese).
[20] 钱程, 陆露, 秦涛, 等. 大兴安岭北段雅鲁河断裂晚更新世活动记录[J]. 地质通报, 2018, 37(9): 1748-1754.
QIAN Cheng, LU Lu, QIN Tao, et al. A study of the Late Pleistocene action of Yaluhe fault in northern Da Hinggan Mountains[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2018, 37(9): 1748-1754 (in Chinese).
[21] 李继业. 松辽盆地地球物理数据处理与分析[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨地图出版社, 2020.
LI Ji-ye. Geophysical data processing and analysis in the Songliao Basin[M]. Harbin: Harbin Cartographic Publishing House, 2020 (in Chinese).
[22] 常金龙, 甘卫军, 孟令升, 等. GPS应变场云图方法识别地震形变场异常初步分析[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(3): 22-31.
CHANG Jin-long, GAN Wei-jun, MENG Ling-sheng, et al. Preliminary analysis of GPS strain field cloud method for identifying seismic deformation field anomalies[J]. Earthquake, 2021, 41(3): 22-31 (in Chinese).
[23] 吴立新, 刘善军, 陈云浩, 等. 汶川地震前卫星热红外异常与云异常现象[J]. 科技导报, 2008, 26(10): 32-36.
WU Li-xin, LIU Shan-jun, CHEN Yun-hao, et al. Satellite thermal infrared and cloud abnormities before Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2008, 26(10): 32-36 (in Chinese).
[24] 张元生, 郭晓, 钟美娇, 等. 汶川地震卫星热红外亮温变化[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55(10): 904-910.
ZHANG Yuan-sheng, GUO Xiao, ZHONG Mei-jiao, et al. Wenchuan earthquake: Brightness temperature changes from satellite infrared information[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(10): 904-910 (in Chinese).
[25] 李德威. 东昆仑、玉树、汶川地震的发生规律和形成机理: 兼论大陆地震成因与预测[J]. 地学前缘, 2010, 17(5): 179-192.
LI De-wei. The regularity and mechanism of East Kunlun, Wenchuan, and Yushu earthquakes and discussion on genesis and prediction of continental earthquakes[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(5): 179-192 (in Chinese).
[26] 陈棋福, 王新, 姜金钟, 等. 西北太平洋俯冲带及其深震活动[J]. 地球物理学报, 2021, 64(12): 4394-4405.
CHEN Qi-fu, WANG Xin, JIANG Jin-zhong, et al. The Northwest Pacific subduction zone and its deep earthquake activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2021, 64(12): 4394-4405 (in Chinese).
[27] 孙文斌, 和跃时. 西太平洋Benioff带的形态及其应力状态[J]. 地球物理学报, 2004, 47(3): 433-440.
SUN Wen-bin, HE Yue-shi. Characteristics of the subduction zone in the western Pacific and its stress state[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2004, 47(3): 433-440 (in Chinese).
[28] Huang J, Zhao D. High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2006, 111(B9): B09305.
[29] 张慧, 焦明若, 刘峡. 太平洋板块俯冲对中国东北深浅震影响机理的数值模拟[J]. 地震, 2012, 32(2): 135-144.
ZHANG Hui, JIAO Ming-ruo, LIU Xia. Numerical simulations of the influencing mechanism of the pacific plate subduction to NE China on deep and shallow earthquakes[J]. Earthquake, 2012, 32(2): 135-141 (in Chinese).
[30] Sokos E, Zahradník J. ISOLA a Fortran code and a Matlab GUI to perform multiple-point source inversion of seismic data[J]. Computers and Geosciences, 2008, 34(8): 967-977.
[31] Sokos E, Zahradník J. Evaluating centroid-moment-tensor uncertainty in new version of ISOLA software[J]. Seismological Research Letters, 2013, 84(4): 656-665.
[32] 孙文斌. 深震能量速率与地震预测[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 1995, 16(2): 37-40.
SUN Wen-bin. Energy rate of deep-focus earthquakes and earthquake prediction in Northeast China[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 1995, 16(2): 37-40 (in Chinese).
[33] Felippa C A, Park K C, Farhat C. Partitioned analysis of coupled mechanical systems[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2001, 190(24-25): 3247-3270.
[34] 宋少云. 多场耦合问题的建模与耦合关系的研究[J]. 武汉工业学院学报, 2005, 24(4): 21-23+29.
SONG Shao-yun. Modeling of multiphysics problem and research of coupling relation[J]. Journal of Wuhan Polytechnic University, 2005, 24(4): 21-23+29 (in Chinese).
[35] 马瑾, 陈顺云, 扈小燕, 等. 大陆地表温度场的时空变化与现今构造活动[J]. 地学前缘, 2010, 17(4): 1-14.
MA Jin, CHEN Shun-yun, HU Xiao-yan, et al. Spatial-temporal variation of the land surface temperature field and present-day tectonic activity[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2010, 17(4): 1-14 (in Chinese).
[36] Mescherikov J A. Recent crustal movements in seismic regions: Geodetic and geomorphic data[J]. Tectonophsics, 1968, 6(1): 29-39.
[37] 冯德益. 地震前兆三阶段发展过程的观测结果与理论[J]. 地震研究, 1983, 6(2): 211-226.
FENG De-yi. Three-stage development process of earthquake precursors: Observations and theory[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 1983, 6(2): 211-226 (in Chinese).