伴随成像及其在地球深部结构研究中的应用

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2020.03.005

Abstract

Abstract: Numerical simulation techniques and adjoint method lead to the successful application of adjoint tomography in both regional and global full waveform tomography. Based on the spectral element method, adjoint tomography adopts full three-dimensional model as initial model for waveform modelling and calculates gradients efficiently through interaction between forward wavefield and adjoint wavefield. Owing to the power of high-performance computing, adjoint tomography utilizes full-wave tomography at large scale. Compared with traditional tomography techniques, adjoint tomography can describe the subsurface anomalies more detailed and comprehensively, so it is more favorable in deep dynamics research. Here we firstly introduce the basic theory of adjoint tomography, its workflow of implementation, and then we give a review of its worldwide applications, while finally a brief prospect of future developments is discussed at the end of this article.

Key words: Adjoint tomography, Waveform modeling, Earth’s interior, Spectral element method

CLC Number:

P315.7

XIAO Zhuo, GAO Yuan. A Review of Adjoint Tomography and Its Application in Earth’s Interior Imaging[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2020, 40(3): 52-64.

References

[1] Aki K, Lee WHK. Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes: 1. A homogeneous initial model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1976, 81(23): 4381-4399.
[2] Replumaz A, Capitanio F A, Guillot S, et al. The coupling of Indian subduction and Asian continental tectonics[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(2): 608-626.
[3] 雷建设, 赵大鹏, 苏金蓉, 等. 龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J]. 地球物理学报, 2009, 52(2): 339-345.
LEI Jian-she, ZHAO Da-peng, SU Jin-rong, et al. Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan fault zone and the mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009, 52(2): 339-345 (in Chinese).
[4] Pei S, Zhang H, Su J, et al. Ductile Gap between the Wenchuan and Lushan Earthquakes Revealed from the Two-dimensional Pg Seismic Tomography[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 4: 6489.
[5] Zhao D. Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs: Insight into deep Earth dynamics[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2004, 146(1-2): 3-34.
[6] Huang J, Zhao D. High-resolution mantle tomography of China and surrounding regions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, 111(B9): B09305.
[7] Chen M, Niu F, Tromp J, et al. Lithospheric foundering and underthrusting imaged beneath Tibet[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15659.
[8] Rawlinson N, Fichtner A, Sambridge M, et al. Seismic tomography and the assessment of uncertainty[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 2014, 55: 1-76.
[9] Liu Q, Gu Y J. Seismic imaging: From classical to adjoint tomography[J]. Tectonophysics, 2012, 566-567: 31-66.
[10] 张丽娜, 罗艳, 陈智勇, 等. 福建及其邻区背景噪声面波群速度层析成像[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(3): 134-143.
ZHANG Li-na, LUO Yan, CHEN Zhi-yong, et al. Surface wave group velocity tomography imaging for Fujian Area from ambient noise[J]. Earthquake, 2018, 38(3): 134-143 (in Chinese).
[11] 张娜, 赵翠萍, 周连庆. 三峡水库区上地壳三维精细速度结构成像[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(4): 37-48.
ZHANG Na, ZHAO Cui-ping, Zhou Lian-Qing. Upper crust velocity structure tomography of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area based on dense observation[J]. Earthquake, 2018, 38(4): 37-48 (in Chinese).
[12] 杨峰. 华北北部地区地壳三维P波速度结构的双差地震层析成像[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(1): 58-71.
YANG Feng. Double-difference seismic tomography of 3D P-wave velocity crustal structure under the northern part of north China[J]. Earthquake, 2019, 39(1): 58-71 (in Chinese).
[13] Virieux J, Operto S. An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics[J]. Geophysics, 2009, 74(6): WCC1-WCC26.
[14] Wang J, Yang D, Jing H, et al. Full waveform inversion based on the ensemble Kalman filter method using uniform sampling without replacement[J]. Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(5): 321-330.
[15] Komatitsch D, Tromp J. Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1999, 139(3): 806-822.
[16] Komatitsch D, Tromp J. Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation-I. Validation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2002, 149(2): 390-412.
[17] Komatitsch D, Tromp J. Spectral-element simulations of global seismic wave propagation-II. Three-dimensional models, oceans, rotation and self-gravitation[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2002, 150(1): 303-318.
[18] Tape C, Liu Q, Alessia M, et al. Adjoint tomography of the southern California Crust[J]. Science, 2009, 325, 988.
[19] Zhu H, Bozda E, Peter D, et al. Structure of the European upper mantle revealed by adjoint tomography[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2012, 5(7): 493-498.
[20] Bozda E, Peter D, Lefebvre M, et al. Global adjoint tomography: First-generation model[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2016, 207(3): 1739-1766.
[21] Tarantola A. Linearized Inversion of seismic reflection data[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1984, 32(6): 998-1015.
[22] Tromp J, Tape C, Liu Q. Seismic tomography, adjoint methods, time reversal and banana-doughnut kernels[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2004, 160 (1): 195-216.
[23] Fichtner A, Bunge H-P, Igel H. The adjoint method in seismology I. Theory[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2006, 157(1-2): 86-104.
[24] 谢春, 刘玉柱, 董良国, 等. 伴随状态法初至波走时层析[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2014, 49(5): 877-883.
XIE Chun, LIU Yu-zhu, DONG Liang-guo, et al. First arrival traveltime tomography based on the adjoint state method. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 49(5): 877-883 (in Chinese).
[25] Aster RC, Borchers B, Thurber CH. Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems[M]. Waltham: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.
[26] Metropolis N, Ulam S. The Monte Carlo Method[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1949, 44(247): 335-341.
[27] Meier U, Curtis A, Trampert J. Global crustal thickness from neural network inversion of surface wave data[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2007, 169(2): 706-722.
[28] Epanomeritakis I, Akçelik V, Ghattas O, et al. A Newton-CG method for large-scale three-dimensional elastic full-waveform seismic inversion[J]. Inverse Problems, 2008, 24(3): 034015.
[29] Nolet G. A Breviary of Seismic Tomography: Imaging the Interior of the Earthand Sun[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
[30] Aki K, Richards PG. Quantitative Seismology, 2nd edition[M]. Mill Valley: University Science Book, 2002.
[31] Tape C, Liu Q, Tromp J. Finite-frequency tomography using adjoint methods-Methodology and examples using membrane surface waves[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2007, 168(3): 1105-1129.
[32] Nocedal J, Wright S J. Numerical Optimization, 2nd edition[M]. Evanston: Springer, 2006.
[33] Fichtner A, Kennett BLN, Igel H, et al. Full seismic waveform tomography for upper-mantle structure in the Australasian region using adjoint methods[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, 179(3): 1703-1725.
[34] Hjörleifsdóttir V, Ekström G. Effects of three-dimensional Earth structure on CMT earthquake parameters[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2010, 179(3-4): 178-190.
[35] French SW, Romanowicz BA. Whole-mantle radially anisotropic shear velocity structure from spectral-element waveform tomography[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, 199(3): 1303-1327.
[36] Dziewonski A M, Anderson D L. Preliminary reference Earth model[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25(4): 297-356.
[37] Kennett BLN, Engdahl ER, Buland R. Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from traveltimes. Geophysical Journal International, 1995, 122(1): 108-124.
[38] Laske G, Masters G, Ma Z, et al. Update on CRUST1.0 - A 1-degree global model of Earth’s crust[C]. EGU General Assembly Conference. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2013.
[39] Kustowski B, Ekström G, Dziewoński AM. Anisotropic shear-wave velocity structure of the Earth’s mantle: A global model[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(B6): B06306.
[40] Tromp J, Komatitsch D, Hjórleifsdóttir V, et al. Near real-time simulations of global CMT earthquakes: Near real-time simulations of CMT earthquakes[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2010, 183(1): 381-389.
[41] Zhu H, Bozda E, Tromp J. Seismic structure of the European upper mantle based on adjoint tomography[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2015, 201(1): 18-52.
[42] Maggi A, Tape C, Chen M, et al. An automated time-window selection algorithm for seismic tomography[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009, 178(1): 257-281.
[43] Inoue H, Fukao Y, Tanabe K, et al. Whole mantle P-wave travel time tomography[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1990, 59(4): 294-328.
[44] Zhu H. Crustal wave speed structure of North Texas and Oklahoma based on ambient noise cross-correlation functions and adjoint tomography[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2018, 214(1): 716-730.
[45] Fichtner A, Trampert J. Resolution analysis in full waveform inversion: Resolution in full waveform inversion[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2011, 187(3): 1604-1624.
[46] Rawlinson N, Fichtner A, Sambridge M, et al. Seismic tomography and the assessment of uncertainty[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 2014, 55: 1-76.
[47] Chen M, Niu F, Liu Q, et al. Multiparameter adjoint tomography of the crust and upper mantle beneath East Asia: 1. Model construction and comparisons[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2015, 120(3): 1762-1786.
[48] Zhu H, Tromp J. Mapping tectonic deformation in the crust and upper mantle beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean[J]. Science, 2013, 341(6148): 871-875.
[49] Chen M, Niu F, Liu Q, et al. Mantle-driven uplift of Hangai Dome: New seismic constraints from adjoint tomography[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2015, 42(17): 6967-6974.
[50] Panning MP, Lekic′ V, Romanowicz BA. Importance of crustal corrections in the development of a new global model of radial anisotropy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(B12): B12325.
[51] Tromp J, Luo Y, Hanasoge S, et al. Noise cross-correlation sensitivity kernels: Noise cross-correlation sensitivity kernels[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2010, 183(2): 791-819.
[52] Chen M, Huang H, Yao H, et al. Low wave speed zones in the crust beneath SE Tibet revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2014, 41(2): 334-340.
[53] Liu Y, Niu F, Chen M, et al. 3-D crustal and uppermost mantle structure beneath NE China revealed by ambient noise adjoint tomography[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2017, 461: 20-29.
[54] Zhang C, Yao H, Liu Q, et al. Linear array ambient noise adjoint tomography reveals intense crust-mantle interactions in North China Craton[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2018, 123(1): 368-383.
[55] Bensen GD, Ritzwoller MH, Barmin MP, et al. Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2007, 169(3): 1239-1260.
[56] Tong P, Chen C, Komatitsch D, et al. High-resolution seismic array imaging based on an SEM-FK hybrid method[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2014, 197(1): 369-395.

A Review of Adjoint Tomography and Its Application in Earth’s Interior Imaging

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 2

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	XU Hong-wei, WANG Wei-jun. Simulation and Wave Field Comparison of V ertical and Inclined Fault Trapped Waves by Spectral Element Method [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2014, 34(3): 27-39.
[2]	WEI, Sheng-ji, NI Si-dao, Ozgun Konca, Don Helmberger, CHEN Yong. Sensitivity Tests for Teleseismic Body Wave Finite Fault Inversion and its Application to the Wenchuan Earthquake [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2010, 30(3): 13-29.