龙门山断裂带地震观测井地下水埋藏类型综合评价及与地震关系

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于龙门山断裂带9口地震观测井的水位和气压整点值等资料, 采用频谱分析法、井水与气压的阶跃响应函数法、潮汐波群相位超前或滞后法、水—岩平衡状态分析法对各个观测井的地下水埋藏类型进行综合评价。基于评价结果, 筛选出7口固体潮效应较好的观测井, 分析井水位M₂波潮汐因子、相位差随时间变化特征, 研究二者与地震之间的关联性。结果表明: DY-08井地下水埋藏类型为承压水, 其余观测井均为混合水。在9口观测井中, DY-08井的承压性最强, 其次为JY-10井。固体潮效应较好的地震观测井水位潮汐因子和相位差在川西及周边强震前表现出快速下降或上升的短期异常特征。震前井水位潮汐因子和相位差的快速变化, 反映了孕震过程中, 观测井含水层应力应变状态的变化过程。结合地质构造及观测井空间分布, 分析认为2022年3月开始的井水位潮汐因子和相位差异常应对应2022年芦山6.1级地震, 而非2022年马尔康6.0级震群。本文研究结果对今后地震观测井水位观测质量评价、异常信度判定和区域震情趋势研判均具有重要的参考意义。

关键词: 井水位, 地下水埋藏类型, 地震, 潮汐响应, 龙门山断裂带

Abstract: Based on the digital data of water level and air pressure of nine seismic observation wells in the Longmenshan fault zone, we used the spectrum analysis method, the step response function method of well water level to air pressure, the phase advance or lag method of tidal wave group, and the water-rock equilibrium analysis to comprehensively evaluate the groundwater types of each well. Based on the evaluation results, we selected seven observation wells with good tide response to analyze the time series characteristics of the M₂ tidal factor and phase lag of groundwater levels, and to study their relationship with earthquakes. The results indicate that only the groundwater of the DY-08 well is confined water, while the rest are mixed water. Among the nine observation wells, the confining capacity of DY-08 well is the best, then is the JY-10 well. Before the strong earthquakes in western Sichuan Province and nearby areas, there are obvious short-term anomalies with rapid rises or falls in the tidal factor and phase difference of well water levels. These rapid changes before the earthquakes reflect the changes in stress and strain in the aquifer of the observation wells during the earthquake gestation process. Considering the geological structure and spatial distribution of the observation wells, we conclude that the short-term anomalies of the tidal factor and phase lag of groundwater levels starting in March 2022 correspond to the 2022 Lushan M6.1 earthquake rather than the 2022 Ma’erkang M6.0 earthquake swarm. The conclusion of this study provides significant references for evaluating the water level observation quality of seismic observation wells, determining the reliability of anomalies, and researching and judging regional seismic trends in the future.

Key words: Well water level, Groundwater types, Earthquake, Tidal response, Longmenshan fault zone

中图分类号:

P315.7

芮雪莲, 杨耀, 张文旭, 冉喜阳, 薛乔文, 何畅, 吴昊. 龙门山断裂带地震观测井地下水埋藏类型综合评价及与地震关系[J]. 地震, 2025, 45(2): 1-20.

RUI Xue-lian, YANG Yao, ZHANG Wen-xu, RAN Xi-yang, XUE Qiao-wen, HE Chang, WU Hao. Comprehensive Evaluation of Groundwater Burial Types of Seismic Observation Wells in the Longmenshan Fault Zone and Their Relationship with Earthquakes[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2025, 45(2): 1-20.

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