2022年泸定MS6.8地震前临夏地震台观测到的预滑活动和前兆异常

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2025.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2022年9月5日四川泸定发生M_S6.8地震。从2022年4月1日起, 甘肃省临夏地震台的钻孔应变和水位仪相继记录到了小幅度的预滑震相Xp0, 从8月10日起, “准同步”地记录到了4次幅度较大的预滑震相Xp1—Xp4。从4月20日起, 在钻孔气压计上记录到了N次幅度较大的气压脉冲震相Gp1。在震前20多天, 该台的气温日变规律被破坏, 气温持续偏低, 并伴有小雨量级的降水; 钻孔与地面间的气压差持续增大。据此认为, 震前4个多月, 震中周边地块就开始了小幅度的预滑活动。预滑活动挤压临夏地震台所处地块, 致使地块裂隙内气体溢出, 在钻孔内激发出了N次幅度较大的气压脉冲。临震前20多天, 在临夏地震台所处地块发生了4次较大幅度的临震预滑活动, 预滑活动使地块裂隙内气体溢出, 导致钻孔气压与地面气压差持续增大的同时, 地面气压和钻孔气压的波动幅度也增大, 这些异常直到震后才恢复正常。该台所处地块的预滑活动与前兆异常在时间和空间上都有较好的相关性。据此推测, 震前该台所处地块的预滑活动可能是气象等前兆异常的物理机制。因此, 关注临震前的预滑活动、气温、气压变化, 以及气压脉冲、钻孔气压与地面气压差变化等异常信号, 对预测未来破坏性地震有一定的科学意义。

关键词: 临震预滑, 前兆异常, 气压差, 气压脉冲震相, 2022年四川泸定M_S6.8地震

Abstract: Before the Luding M_S6.8 earthquake in Sichuan Province on September 5, 2022, the borehole strain and water level meter of the Linxia seismic station in Gansu Province successively recorded a small pre-slip phase Xp0 from April 1, 2022, and four large-amplitude pre-slip phases Xp1—Xp4 were recorded “quasi-synchronously”. From April 20th, N large barometric pressure pulse phase Gp1 was recorded on the borehole barometer from August 10, 2022. More than 20 days before the earthquake, the diurnal variation of temperature in the Linxia seismic station was destroyed, and the temperature continued to be lower, accompanied by light rainfall. The air pressure difference between the borehole and the ground continues to increase. According to the above, more than 4 months before the earthquake, the surrounding blocks of the epicenter began a small pre-slip activity. The pre-slip activity squeezed the block where the Linxia seismic station located, resulting in the gas overflow in the cracks of the block, and excited the air pressure pulse with a large amplitude N times in the borehole. More than 20 days before the earthquake, there were four large- amplitude pre-slip activities in the block where the Linxia seismic station located. The pre-slip activity caused the gas to overflow in the cracks of the block, resulting in the continuous increase of the difference between the borehole pressure and the ground air pressure, and the fluctuation amplitude of the ground air pressure and the borehole air pressure also increased, and these meteorological anomalies did not return to normal until after the earthquake. The pre-slip activity of the block where the Linxia seismic station is located has a good correlation with earthquake precursory anomalies in time and space. Based on this, it is speculated that the pre-slip activity of the site where the Linxia seismic station is located before the earthquake may be the physical mechanism of earthquake precursory anomalies. Therefore, paying attention to abnormal signals such as pre-slip activities, changes in air temperature and air pressure, as well as changes in air pressure pulses and borehole pressure and ground pressure difference before the earthquake has a certain scientific significance for predicting future destructive earthquakes.

Key words: Pre-slip before earthquake, Earthquake precursory anomalies, Air pressure difference, Air pressure pulse phase, The 2022 Sichuan Luding M_S6.8 earthquake

中图分类号:

P315.7

许健生, 李丽, 张磊, 张瑜, 高双玲. 2022年泸定M_S6.8地震前临夏地震台观测到的预滑活动和前兆异常[J]. 地震, 2025, 45(2): 132-146.

XU Jian-sheng, LI Li, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Yu, GAO Shuang-ling. Pre-slip Movement and Earthquake Precursory Anomalies Observed at Linxia Seismic Station before the 2022 Luding M_S6.8 Earthquake[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2025, 45(2): 132-146.

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