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地震 ›› 2003, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 27-35.

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地震应急信息的特征、分类与作用

苏桂武, 聂高众, 高建国   

  1. 中国地震局地质研究所, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2002-07-15 修回日期:2002-10-16 出版日期:2003-07-31 发布日期:2021-12-21
  • 作者简介:苏桂武(1969-), 男, 河北丰宁人, 1998 年获博士学位, 副研究员, 主要从事地震灾害和自然灾害综合研究。
  • 基金资助:
    “ 十五” 国家科技攻关项目(2001BA601B-04-02-01); 中国地震局专项(国家抗震救灾指挥部基础数据库建设一期工程)

The characteristics, classifications and the functions of the information for earthquake emergency response

SU Gui-wu, NIE Gao-zhong, GAO Jian-guo   

  1. Institute of Geology, CSB, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2002-07-15 Revised:2002-10-16 Online:2003-07-31 Published:2021-12-21

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摘要： 在讨论地震应急信息概念内涵的基础上, 首先分析了地震应急信息的基本特征, 认为地震应急除具有信息的一般性质外, 还具有复杂性、时效性、等级层次性、不完全性和动态变化等特点。之后讨论了地震应急信息的分类体系, 认为依据不同的分类标准, 可得到不同的应急信息分类体系, 如信息的生成领域分类、信息的综合水平分类和信息的记录符号分类等;但对于实际工作而言, 使用最多的也是实际指导意义最大的分类则是以信息所反映的客观对象或所表达的地震应急某方面问题的不同为分类标准。依据这一标准, 地震应急信息可分为基础背景类、地震灾害和救灾背景类、法律法规类、预案与规划类、地震对策类、防震减灾示范与演习经验类、地震台网类、应急联络类、历史地震类、地震救灾案例类、救灾能力储备类、震情类、灾情类、应急决策和应急辅助决策类、灾害现场类、救灾物资及人员调配和调动类、社会反应类共17 个主要类别。最后分析了信息在地震应急中的作用, 表明不同类型的地震应急信息, 其在地震应急中的具体功能和主要作用具有明显差别。

关键词: 地震应急信息, 信息特征, 信息分类

Abstract: The key characteristics of the information for Earthquake Emergency Response (EER)have been summed up firstly in this paper based on exploring its conceptual connotations.The paper holds that the information for EER have the marked characteristics of the complexity, incompleteness, seasoning feature, grade and hierarchy nature along with the dynamic change quality in addition to those, which are common for all kinds of information.After that, the classification system of the information for EER has been analyzed.The paper presents that, about the information for EER, there are different kinds of classification systems if based on different assorting criterions, such as information generating domain, information synthetical level or information recording symbol and others.However, as far as the practical EER activities, the most common and most instructive classification system is going on the different objects the information reflected or the different aspects of EER affairs the information expressed.According to that standard, the information of EER can be classified into 17main categories, including the group of the basic background, the earthquake disasters and disaster relieving background, the law and regulations, the EER prearranged scheme and disaster reduction planning, the existing earthquake disaster countermeasures, the experience from earthquake disaster reduction demonstrations and maneuvers, the seismic station networks, the emergency communications, the historical earthquakes, the earthquake disaster relieve cases, the disaster relieve capacity reserve conditions, the earthquake hazards, the earthquake disasters, the emergency decision-making and its assistant knowledge, the disaster field status, the allotment and deployment information of the disaster relieve materials and personnel, as well as the social response circumstances.In the end, the functions of the information for EER also have been talked about in detail in this paper.

Key words: Earthquake Emergency Response (EER), Information for EER, Information characteristics, Information classification

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