中国大陆井水温度潮汐动态的统计与调和分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用收集到的全国356个井水温度测点的数据, 分析了水温对地球固体潮汐的响应, 统计出 35个存在水温潮汐现象的测点。利用Baytap-G调和分析方法, 计算了水温潮汐分波的振幅、振幅比和相位差。结果表明: 水温潮汐现象是一类较普遍的地球物理现象, 其机制与水位潮汐相关, 可用水动力学模式解释; 水温潮汐变化特征还受太阳辐射热、含水层和地温的影响, 自流井水温记录潮汐现象的能力高于非自流井、东部地区水温测点记录潮汐现象的能力高于西部, 与太阳辐射热的影响有关, 在含水层附近的水温测点, 其潮汐动态比其他井段显著, 在受地温影响较大的井段, 水温的潮汐变化幅度与水温梯度成正比; 水温的应力-应变灵敏度量级为0.01～10℃/10^-6m·s^-2。

关键词: 水温, 水位, 潮汐, 调和分析, 水温观测网

Abstract: This paper studied the water temperature changes caused by the Earth tide, based on 356 water temperature monitoring wells from the Groundwater Monitoring Network of China. First, 35 wells were selected since they had tidal responses from water temperature data. Then, harmonic analysis was performed to the water temperature data to derive Earth tide constituents (M₂, S₂, K₂, O₁, P₁, S₁, K₁), using the Baytap-G software. The result showed that the amplitudes were 0.00017~0.01825℃, the phase lags were -149.98°~61.47°, the amplitude ratios were 0.01~10℃/10^-6m·s^-2, for the M₂ Earth tide constituent which was low contaminated. The tidal variations of water temperature were result from tidal variations of water level, since all the water levels that showed tidal variations and the amplitudes of water temperature in different depths of one well had similar order. Besides, the tidal variations of water temperature were influenced by the sun-radiation heat, water flow from the aquifer and geothermal gradient. The tidal variations of water temperature near the aquifer had greater amplitudes. The amplitudes of tidal variations of water temperature were proportional to the geothermal gradients. The tidal variations of water temperature could be more easily recorded in artesian wells than non-artesian wells, as the sun-radiation heat was an interference of tidal variations of water temperature and it had less influence on the changes of water temperature in artesian wells than non-artesian wells. The tidal variations of water temperature could be more easily recorded in the eastern China than the west, since the influence depths of sun-radiation heat in the gorge and mountain areas were deeper than plains.

Key words: Wellwater temperature, Water level, Earth tide, Phase lag, Mainland China

中图分类号:

P315.7

马玉川. 中国大陆井水温度潮汐动态的统计与调和分析[J]. 地震, 2014, 34(2): 55-64.

MA Yu-chuan. Statistical and Harmonic Analysis of Well Water Temperature Changes Caused by Earth Tide[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2014, 34(2): 55-64.

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