2011年日本Mw9.0地震引起的环渤海地区井水温度变化分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2011年3月11日的日本M_w9.0地震在中国引起了大范围的井水温度同震变化,而水温震后持续变化的井孔多数分布在井网密度较大、距震中较近的环渤海地区。本文分析了环渤海地区水温震后变化的特征和机理。结果表明,水温震后变化形态为上升,变幅0. 005~0.976°C,空间分布在同震位移较大、张性应变较明显和地震能量密度较大的区域;依据同井水位资料,一些井孔的水温和水位震后变化特征较一致,其水温震后升高可能是地震波增大含水层渗透性的结果;另一些井孔的水位震后变化不显著,其水温震后升高可能与地震波增大井区大地热流有关。

关键词: 水温震后变化, 水位, 渗透性, 大地热流, 2011年日本M_w9.0地震, 环渤海地区

Abstract: The coseismic responses of water temperature to M_w9.0 earthquake have been recorded all over China, while the post-seismic responses mainly concentrate in the area a round Bohai. This area has more water temperature monitoring wells and is relatively clos er to the earthquake. This area is also located in regions of volumetric expansion and lar ger GPS coseismic displacements caused by the earthquake. The paper analyzes the charac teristics and mechanisms of water temperature post-seismic responses around Bohai Sea ar ea. The results show that the characteristics of the post-seismic responses are all rising , and their amplitudes are in the range of 0. 005~0. 976°C. By analyzing water level post seismic responses in the same wells, two possi ble mechanisms are proposed for explaining the water temperature post seismic responses. One is that seismic waves increase aquifer permeability to account for the wells with the same rhythm of water level and temperature post-seismic responses. The other is that seismic waves increase heat flow to account for the wells that do not have water level postseismic responses.

Key words: Water temperature, Water level, Post-earthquake response, the 2011 Japan M_w9.0 earthquake

中图分类号:

P315.7

马玉川, 刘耀炜, 马未宇. 2011年日本M_w9.0地震引起的环渤海地区井水温度变化分析[J]. 地震, 2014, 34(3): 40-49.

MA Yu-chuan, LIU Yao-wei, MA Wei-yu. Responses of Water Temperature in Wells around Bohai Area to the 2011 Japan M_w9.0 Earthquake .[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2014, 34(3): 40-49.

参考文献

[1] 车用太,刘成龙,鱼金子.井水温度动态及其形成机制[J]. 地震,2008, 28(4): 20-28.
[2] 付子忠. 地热动态观测与地热前兆[A]. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集[C]. 1988,1: 1-7.
[3] Mogi K, Mochizuki H, Kurokawa Y.Temperature changes in an artesian spring at Usami in the Izu Peninsula (Japan) and their relation to earthquakes[J]. Tectonophysics, 1989,159: 95-108.
[4] Kitagawa Y, Koizumi N, Tsuskutta T.Comparison of post seismic groundwater temperature chan-ges with earthquake-induced volumetric strain release: Yundani hot spring, Japan[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1996, 23(22): 3147-3150.
[5] 鱼金子,车用太,刘五洲.井水温度微动态形成的水动力学机制研究[J].地震,1997, 17(4): 389-398.
[6] 刘耀炜,杨选辉,刘永铭,等.地下流体对苏门答腊8.7级地震的响应特征[A]. 2004年印度尼西亚苏门答腊8. 7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[7] 石耀霖,曹建玲,马丽,等.唐山井水温的同震变化及其物理解释[J]. 地震学报, 2007, 29(5): 265-273.
[8] 杨竹转,邓志辉,陶京玲,等.北京塔院井数字化观测水温的同震效应研究[J]. 地震学报,2007,29(2): 203-213.
[9] 李志伟,胥颐,郝天珧,等.环渤海地区的地震层析成像与地壳上地幔结构[J]. 地球物理学报,2006,49(3): 797-804.
[10] 中国地震局监测预报司.地震地下流体理论基础与观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[11] 王敏,李强,王凡,等.全球定位系统测定的2011年日本宫城Mw9.0级地震远场同震位移[J].科学通报,2011, 56(20): 1593-1596.
[12] 杨少敏,聂兆生,贾志革,等. GPS解算的日本Mw9.0级地震的远场同震地表位移[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2011, 36(11): 1336-1339.
[13] Zhao B, Wang W, Yang S M, et al.Far field deformation analysis after the Mw9.0 Tohoku earth-quake constrained by GPS data[J]. J Seismol, 2012, (16): 305-313.
[14] 王凡,沈正康,王阎昭,等.2011年3月11日日本宫城Mw9.0级地震对其周边地区火山活动的影响[J].科学通报,2011, 56(14): 1080-1083.
[15] Wang C Y.Liquefaction beyond the near field[J]. Seismological Research Letters, 2007, 78(5): 512-517.
[16] Tanaka H.Frictional heat from faulting of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2006, 33(16), 1-5.
[17] Kano Y, Mori J,Ito H, et al.Heat signature on the Chelungpu fault associated with the 1999 Chi Chi, Taiwan earthquake[J]. Geophys Res Lett,2006, 33(14): 1-4.
[18] Mori J J, Li H B, Wang H, et al. Temperature Measurements in the WFSD-1 Borehole Following the2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Mw7. 9). AGU Fall Meeting 2010, abstract# T53E-03.
[19] Wang C Y, Manga M, Wang C H, et al. Transient change in groundwater temperature after earth-quakes[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(2): 119-122.
[20] 鱼金子,车用太,刘成龙,等.金沙江水网对日本9.0级地震的同震响应及其特征与机理[J].地震,2012, 32(1):59 69.
[21] Wakita H. Water wells as pos sible indicators of tectonic strain[J]. Science, 1975, 189,553-555.
[22] Roeloffs E A. Poroelastic techniques in the study of earthquake related hydrologic phenomena[J]. Advances in Geophysics,1996, 37: 135-195.
[23] Ge S, Stover C. Hydrodynamic response to strike-and dip-slip faulting in a half space[J]. J Geo-phys Res, 2000, 105: 25513-25524.
[24] Jonsson S P, Segall R, Pedersen, et al. Postearthquake ground movements correlated to pore pres-sure transients[J]. Nature, 2003, 424: 179-183.
[25] Brodsky E E, Roeloffs E, Woodcock D, et al. A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(B8): 2390-2 490.
[26] Igarashi G, Wakita H. Tidal responses and earthquake related changes in the water level of deep wells[J]. J Geophys Res, 1991, 96: 4 269-4278.
[27] Quilty E, Roeloffs E A. Water level changes in response to the December 20,1994, M4.7 earth-quake near Parkfield, California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1997, 87: 310-317.
[28] Zhang Y, Huang F Q. Mechanism of different coseismic water level changes in wells with similar epicentral distances of intermediate field[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2011 , 101(4): 1531-1 541.
[29] Shi Z M, WangG C, LiuC L. Co Seismic Groundwater Level Changes induced by the May 12, 2008 W enchuan earthquake in the near field[J]. Pure Appl Geophys, 2012, 170(2013): 1773-1 783.
[30] Koizumi N, Lai W C, Kitagawa Y, et al. Comment on“Coseismic hydrological changes associated wi th dislocation of the September 21,1999 Chichi earthquake, Taiwan” by Min Lee et al.[J]. Geo-phys Res Lett, 2004, 31, L13603.
[31] Manga M,Beresnev I, Brodsky E E, et al. Changes in permeability caused by transient stresses : Field observations, experiments, and mechanisms[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2012,50(2).
[32] Geballe Z M, WangC Y, Manga M. A permea bility change model for water level changes triggered by teleseismic waves[J]. Geofluids, 2011, 11(3): 302-308.
[33] Xue L, Li H B, Brodsky E E, et al. Continuous permeability meas urements record healing inside the W enchuan earthquake fault zone[J]. Science, 2013, 340(6140): 1 555-1559.
[34] Lai G J, Ge H K, Xue L,et al. Tidal response variation and recovery following the Wenc huan earthquake from water level data of multiple wells in the nearfield[J]. Tectonophysics, 2013, Tidal response variation and recovery following the Wenc huan earthquake from water level data of multiple wells in the nearfield[J]. Tectonophysics, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.08.039.
[35] Wang C Y, Manga M. Hydrologic responses to earthquakes and a general metric[J]. Geofluids, 2010,10(1-2): 206-216.
[36] 汪洋,邓晋福,汪集旸,等.中国大陆热流分布特征及热构造分区[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2001,18(1): 51-58.
[37] 车用太,鱼金子.地震地下流体学[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[38] 邓起东. 中国活动构造图(1:400万)[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[39] Wakita H, Igarashi G, Nakamura Y, et al. Coseismic radon changes in groundwater[J]. Geophysir cal Research Letters,1989, 16(5): 417-420.
[40] 任宏微,刘耀炜,马玉川.汶川8.0级地震氡震后效应机理讨论[J].中国地震,2010,26(1): 73-83.
[41] Claesson L, Skelton A, GrahamC, et al. Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earth-quake[J]. Geology, 2004,32(8): 641-644.