浅层地震反射和折射层析成像在海州—韩山断裂探测中的联合应用

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2021.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海州—韩山断裂是连云港地区一条重要断裂, 属于海泗断裂带的西边界断裂。断裂隐伏于较浅的覆盖层之下且控制了基岩岩性分界。浅层地震反射法作为断层探测的首选方法, 对海州—韩山断裂进行探测时仅能识别出基岩顶面反射波, 难以实现对断裂的准确判别。而折射层析成像法适用于速度横向差异大的区域, 可获取断层两盘岩性速度差异信息, 进而判定断层位置, 弥补反射法的不足。本文在跨海州—韩山断裂同一位置上联合应用浅层地震反射和折射层析成像两种探测方法, 进行了钻孔联合剖面探测和合成地震记录验证。研究表明, 浅层地震反射和折射层析成像两种方法联合探测海州—韩山断裂, 较单一方法可对断层实现更精准的定位, 获取更丰富的断层信息, 为类似地质条件下的断层探测提供了思路。

关键词: 断层探测, 浅层地震反射, 折射层析成像, 联合应用

Abstract: The Haizhou-Hanshan fault is an important fault in the Lianyungang area and belongs to the west boundary fault of the Haisi fault zone. It is buried under the shallow cover and controle the boundary of base rock. The shallow seismic reflection method is the preferred method for fault detection, however, by using this method, the detection of the Haizhou-Hanshan fault can only identify the reflected wave on the top surface of the bedrock, and it is difficult to accurately determine the fault. The refraction tomography method is suitable for areas with large lateral velocity differences, and can obtain the difference information of lithologic velocity between two fault plates, then determine fault locations, which can compensate for the lacks in refleetion method. In this paper, shallow seismic reflection and refraction tomography are jointly applied at the same location of the Haizhou-Hanshan fault, and the drill exploration composite geological section and synthetic seismograms are verified. The research shows that the joint application of the two methods can achieve more accurate fault location than the single method, and more abundant fault information, which provides ideas for fault detection under similar geological conditions.

Key words: Fault detection, Shallow seismic reflection, Refraction tomography, Joint application

中图分类号:

P315.7

夏暖, 吴子泉, 付俊东, 张建民, 王冬雷, 彭刘亚. 浅层地震反射和折射层析成像在海州—韩山断裂探测中的联合应用[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(4): 136-147.

XIA Nuan, WU Zi-quan, FU Jun-dong, ZHANG Jian-min, WANG Dong-lei, PENG Liu-ya. Joint Application of Shallow Seismic Reflection Exploration and Refraction Tomography in the Haizhou-Hanshan Fault Detection[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2021, 41(4): 136-147.

参考文献

[1] 邓起东, 徐锡伟, 张先康, 等. 城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J]. 地学前缘, 2003, 10(1): 93-104.
DENG Qi-dong, XU Xi-wei, ZHANG Xian-kang, et al. Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(1): 93-104 (in Chinese).
[2] 邓起东, 卢造勋, 杨主恩. 城市活动断层探测和断层活动性评价问题[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(2): 189-200.
DENG Qi-dong, LU Zao-xun, YANG Zhu-en. Remarks on urban active faults exploration and associated activity[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2007, 29(2): 189-200 (in Chinese).
[3] 秦晶晶, 刘保金, 许汉刚, 等. 地震折射和反射方法研究郯庐断裂带宿迁段的浅部构造特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(2): 505-516.
QIN Jing-jing, LIU Bao-jin, XU Han-gang, et al. Exploration of shallow structural characteristics in the Suqian segment of the TanLu fault zone based on seismic refraction and reflection method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(2): 505-516 (in Chinese).
[4] 酆少英, 龙长兴, 高锐, 等. 高分辨折射和浅层反射地震方法在活断层探测中的联合应用[J]. 地震学报, 2010, 32(6): 718-724.
FENG Shao-ying, LONG Chang-xing, GAO Rui, et al. Joint application of high-resolution refraction and shallow reflection seismic exploration approach to active fault survey[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2010, 32(6): 718-724 (in Chinese).
[5] 刘保金, 张先康, 方盛明, 等. 城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术[J]. 地震地质, 2002, 24(4): 524-532.
LIU Bao-jin, ZHANG Xian-kang, FANG Sheng-ming, et al. Acquisition technique of high-resolution shallow seismic data for surveying of urban active faults[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2002, 24(4): 524-532 (in Chinese).
[6] 孙党生, 焦凯英, 唐大荣, 等. 低信噪比的浅层地震勘探数据处理技术[J]. 物探与化探, 2004, 28(2): 164-166.
SUN Dang-sheng, JIAO Kai-ying, TANG Da-rong, et al. The technique for low snr shallow seismic data processing[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2004, 28(2): 164-166 (in Chinese).
[7] 赵成彬, 刘保金, 姬计法. 活动断裂探测的高分辨率地震数据采集技术[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2011, 6(1): 18-25.
ZHAO Cheng-bin, LIU Bao-jin, JI Ji-fa. The acquisition technique of high-resolution seismic data for prospecting of active faults[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2011, 6(1): 18-25 (in Chinese).
[8] 马董伟. 地震勘探方法在薄覆盖层区城市活断裂探测中的应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(5): 1038-1045.
MA Dong-wei. The application of seismic exploration method to active faults detection in urban thin overburden area[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(5): 1038-1045 (in Chinese).
[9] 徐明才, 高景华, 荣立新, 等. 地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术[J]. 地质与勘探, 2005, 41(4): 83-87.
XU Ming-cai, GAO Jing-hua, RONG Li-xin, et al. Combining exploration technique of the ground seismic tomography and the high-resolution seismic method[J]. Geology and Prospecting, 2005, 41(4): 83-87 (in Chinese).
[10] 侯贺晟, 高锐, 卢占武, 等. 青藏高原羌塘盆地中央隆起近地表速度结构的初至波层析成像试验[J]. 地质通报, 2009, 28(6): 738-745.
HOU He-sheng, GAO Rui, LU Zhan-wu, et al. First arrival seismic tomographic imaging test of the near-surface velocity structure of central uplift in the Qiangtang basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28(6): 738-745 (in Chinese).
[11] 秦晶晶, 袁洪克, 何银娟, 等. 层析成像技术在城市活断层探测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2018, 33(5): 2153-2158.
QIN Jing-jing, YUAN Hong-ke, HE Yin-juan, et al. Application of tomography inversion method in detection active fault[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2018, 33(5): 2153-2158 (in Chinese).
[12] 方盛明, 张先康, 刘保金, 等. 探测大城市活断层的地球物理方法[J]. 地震地质, 2002, 24(4): 606-613.
FANG Sheng-ming, ZHANG Xian-kang, LIU Bao-jin, et al. Geophysical methods for the exploration of urban active faults[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2002, 24(4): 606-613 (in Chinese).
[13] 吴子泉, 刘元生, 刘保金, 等. 地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2005, 20(2): 528-533.
WU Zi-quan, LIU Yuan-sheng, LIU Bao-jin, et al. Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005, 20(2): 528-533 (in Chinese).
[14] 何正勤, 陈宇坤, 叶太兰, 等. 浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(2): 363-372.
HE Zheng-qin, CHEN Yu-kun, YE Tai-lan, et al. Application of shallow seismic exploration in detection of buried fault in coastal areas[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2007, 29(2): 363-372 (in Chinese).
[15] 何正勤, 潘华, 胡刚, 等. 核电厂址隐伏断裂探测中的地震勘探方法研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2010, 53(2): 326-334.
HE Zheng-qin, PAN Hua, HU Gang, et al. Study on the seismic exploration method to detect buried fault in the site of Nuclear Power Plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2010, 53(2): 326-334 (in Chinese).
[16] 刘保金, 柴炽章, 酆少英, 等. 第四纪沉积区断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术以银川隐伏活动断层为例[J]. 地球物理学报, 2008, 51(5): 1475-1483.
LIU Bao-jin, CHAI Chi-zhang, FENG Shao-ying, et al. Seismic exploration method for buried fault and its up-breakpoint in Quaternary sediment area: An example of Yinchuan buried active fault[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(5): 1475-1483 (in Chinese).
[17] 刘保金, 张先康, 陈顒, 等. 三河—平谷8.0级地震区地壳结构和活动断裂研究利用单次覆盖深反射和浅层地震剖面[J]. 地球物理学报, 2011, 54(5): 1251-1259.
LIU Bao-jin, ZHANG Xian-kang, CHEN Yong, et al. Research on crustal structure and active fault in the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake (M8.0) zone based on single: Fold deep seismic reflection and shallow seismic reflection profiling[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2011, 54(5): 1251-1259 (in Chinese).
[18] 顾勤平, 康清清, 许汉刚, 等. 薄覆盖层地区隐伏断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术以废黄河断层为例[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(5): 1609-1618.
GU Qin-ping, KANG Qing-qing, XU Han-gang, et al. Seismic exploration methods for buried fault and its up-breakpoint in thin sediment areas: An example of the Feihuanghe fault[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(5): 1609-1618 (in Chinese).
[19] 曹筠, 冉勇康, 许汉刚, 等. 宿迁城市活动断层探测多方法技术运用的典型案例[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 430-439.
CAO Jun, RAN Yong-kang, XU Han-gang, et al. Typical case analysis on application of multi-method detection technique to active fault exploration in Suqian city[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2015, 37(2): 430-439 (in Chinese).
[20] 秦晶晶, 石金虎, 张毅, 等. 郯庐断裂带合肥段五河—合肥断裂构造特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(11): 4475-4485.
QIN Jing-jing, SHI Jin-hu, ZHANG Yi, et al. Structural characteristics of the Wuhe-Hefei fault on the Hefei segment of the Tanlu fault zone[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(11): 4475-4485 (in Chinese).
[21] 王志才, 王冬雷, 许洪泰, 等. 安丘—莒县断裂北段几何结构与最新活动特征[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(1): 176-191.
WANG Zhi-cai, WANG Dong-lei, XU Hong-tai, et al. Geometric features and latest activities of the north segment of the Anqiu-Juxian fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2015, 37(1): 176-191 (in Chinese).
[22] 付俊东, 王志才, 熊仁伟, 等. 安丘—莒县断裂小店—大店段断层活动证据及断层泥分布特征初步研究[J]. 地震, 2017, 37(2): 57-66.
FU Jun-dong, WANG Zhi-cai, XIONG Ren-wei, et al. Evidences of fault activity and gouge distribution of the Dadian-Xiaodian segment in the Anqiu-Juxian fault[J]. Earthquake, 2017, 37(2): 57-66 (in Chinese).
[23] 杨峰. 华北北部地区地壳三维P波速度结构的双差地震层析成像[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(1): 58-71.
YANG Feng. Double-difference seismic tomography of 3D P-wave velocity crustal structure under the Northern Part of North China[J]. Earthquake, 2019, 39(1): 58-71 (in Chinese).