分布式光纤声波传感背景噪声近地表成像: 在北京房山的应用

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2023.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低成本高可靠地获得人口密集地区的浅层地下结构, 对地震安全性评估和地下空间开发有非常重要的意义。分布式光纤振动/声波传感(Distributed Acoustic Sensing, 简称DAS)是近年来发展较为迅速、传感机理不同于传统地震仪的新型观测技术, 利用一条普通通信光缆和一个调制解调器就可以实现高密度、长距离的振动测量。我们在北京房山用一段460 m浅埋光纤记录的12个小时背景噪声, 获得瑞雷波相速度频散曲线, 反演出地下浅层S波速度剖面, 可以看到厚约15 m起伏较缓的低速土层, 反演结果与传统的噪声H/V谱比法探测结果相似, 但本文结果有更丰富的结构细节。认为利用DAS高分辨率近地表速度结构探测是可行的, 如果能够利用已有的长距离地埋光缆资源, 将为近地表低成本、高分辨率成像研究提供新的手段。

关键词: 分布式光纤振动/声波传感, 背景噪声成像, 浅层S波速度结构, H/V谱比法

Abstract: Obtaining shallow underground structures in densely populated areas at a low cost and with reliability, is of great importance for both earthquake safety assessments and underground space development. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an emerging observation technology that has developed rapidly in recent years and has different sensing mechanism from traditional seismometers. It can achieve high-density and long-distance vibration measurements using an ordinary communication optical cable and an interrogation unit. We used a 460 m buried optical fiber recorded for 12 hours of background noise in Fangshan, Beijing, to obtain the Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curve and invert the underground shallow S-wave velocity profile. A low-velocity soil layer with a thickness of about 15 m and little undulation, which was similar to the results obtained using the traditional ambient noise H/V spectral ratio method, was observed, however, with more detailed structural information. DAS high-resolution near-surface velocity structure detection is feasible, if existed long-distance buried optical cable resources can be utilized, it will provide a new means for low-cost, high-resolution imaging of the near-surface.

Key words: Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), Ambient noise tomography, Shear wave velocity struct of shallow surface, H/V spectral ratio method

中图分类号:

P315

寇华东, 王伟君, 闫坤, 叶志鹏, 吕恒茹. 分布式光纤声波传感背景噪声近地表成像: 在北京房山的应用[J]. 地震, 2023, 43(3): 50-65.

KOU Hua-dong, WANG Wei-jun, YAN Kun, YE Zhi-peng, LÜ Heng-ru. Ambient Noise Shallow Structure Imaging with Distributed Acoustic Sensing: A Case Study in Fangshan, Beijing[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2023, 43(3): 50-65.

参考文献

[1] 陈颙, 陈龙生, 于晟. 城市地球物理学发展展望[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2003, 23(4): 1-4.
CHEN Yong, CHEN Long-sheng, YU Sheng. Urban geophysics: a new discipline of earth science[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2003, 23(4): 1-4 (in Chinese).
[2] 王伟君, 陈凌, 王一博, 等. 光纤振动传感之二: 基于散射或透射光的本征传感及其地震学应用[J]. 地球与行星物理论评, 2022, 53(2): 119-137.
WANG Wei-jun, CHEN Ling, WANG Yi-bo, et al. Fiber-optic vibration sensing?II: Intrinsic sensing with scattered or transmitted light and their seismological applications[J]. Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 2022, 53(2): 119-137 (in Chinese).
[3] Cueto M, Olona J, Fernández-Viejo G, et al. Karst-induced sinkhole detection using an integrated geophysical survey: A case study along the Riyadh metro line 3 (Saudi Arabia)[J]. Near Surface Geophysics, 2018, 16(3): 270-281.
[4] Zhang Y, Romanelli F, Vaccari F, et al. Seismic hazard maps based on Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment for China seismic experimental site and adjacent areas[J]. Engineering Geology, 2021, 291: 106208.
[5] 杨文采, 田钢, 夏江海, 等. 华南丘陵地区城市地下空间开发利用前景[J]. 中国地质, 2019, 46(3): 447-454.
YANG Wen-cai, TIAN Gang, XIA Jiang-hai, et al. The prospect of exploitation and utilization of urban underground space in hilly areas of South China[J]. Geology in China, 2019, 46(3): 447-454 (in Chinese).
[6] Bruno P P G, Rapolla A. Study of the sub-surface structure of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) by seismic reflection data[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1999, 92(3-4): 373-387.
[7] Azwin I N, Saad R, Nordiana M. Applying the Seismic refraction tomography for site characterization[J]. APCBEE Procedia, 2013, 5: 227-231.
[8] Shapiro N M, Campillo M. Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2004, 31(7): L07614.
[9] Feng J K, Yao H J, Poil P, et al. Depth variations of 410 km and 660 km discontinuities in eastern North China Craton revealed by ambient noise interferometry[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44(16): 8328-8335.
[10] Feng J K, Yao H J, Wang Y, et al. Segregated oceanic crust trapped at the bottom mantle transition zone revealed from ambient noise interferometry[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 2531.
[11] Qiu H R, Ben-Zion Y, Ross Z E, et al. Internal structure of the San Jacinto fault zone at Jackass Flat from data recorded by a dense linear array[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2017, 209(3): 1369-1388.
[12] Zhang Z, Deng Y F, Qiu H R, et al. High-resolution imaging of fault zone structure along the creeping section of the Haiyuan fault, NE Tibet, from data recorded by dense seismic arrays[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2022, 127(9): e2022JB024468.
[13] 王伟君, 刘澜波, 陈棋福, 等. 应用微动H/V谱比法和台阵技术探测场地响应和浅层速度结构[J]. 地球物理学报, 2009, 52(6): 1515-1525.
WANG Wei-jun, LIU Lan-bo, CHEN Qi-fu, et al. Applications of microtremor H/V spectral ratio and array techniques in assessing the site effect and near surface velocity structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009, 52(6): 1515-1525 (in Chinese).
[14] Bao F, Li Z W, Yuen D A, et al. Shallow structure of the Tangshan fault zone unveiled by dense seismic array and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2018, 281: 46-54.
[15] 彭菲, 王伟君, 寇华东. 三河—平谷地区地脉动H/V谱比法探测: 场地响应、浅层沉积结构及其反映的断层活动[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(10): 3775-3790.
PENG Fei, WANG Wei-jun, KOU Hua-dong. Microtremer H/V spectral ratio investigation in the Sanhe-Pinggu area: Site responses, shallow sedimentary structure, and fault activity revealed[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(10): 3775-3790 (in Chinese).
[16] Foti S, Parolai S, Albarello D, et al. Application of surface-wave methods for seismic site characterization[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2011, 32(6): 777-825.
[17] 夏江海. 高频面波方法[M]. 北京: 中国地质大学出版社, 2015.
XIA Jiang-hai. Gaopin mianbo fangfa[M]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences Press, 2015 (in Chinese).
[18] Huang Y C, Yao H J, Huang B S, et al. Phase velocity variation at periods of 0.5-3 seconds in the Taipei Basin of Taiwan from correlation of ambient seismic noise[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2010, 100(5A): 2250-2263.
[19] Lin F C, Li D Z, Clayton R W, et al. High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach, California: Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array[J]. Geophysics, 2013, 78(4): Q45-Q56.
[20] Yao H J, van der Hilst R D, de Hoop M V. Surface-wave array tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis-I. Phase velocity maps[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 166(2): 732-744.
[21] Bensen G D, Ritzwoller M H, Barmin M P, et al. Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2007, 169(3): 1239-1269.
[22] Lindsey N J, Martin E R. Fiber-optic seismology[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2021, 49: 309-336.
[23] Lellouch A, Biondi B L. Seismic applications of downhole DAS[J]. Sensors, 2021, 21(9): 2897.
[24] Mateeva A, Lopez J, Potters H, et al. Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 62(4): 679-692.
[25] Dou S, Lindsey N, Wagner A M, et al. Distributed acoustic sensing for seismic monitoring of the near surface: A traffic-noise interferometry case study[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 11620.
[26] 宋政宏, 曾祥方, 徐善辉, 等. 分布式光纤声波传感系统在近地表成像中的应用Ⅰ: 主动源高频面波[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(2): 532-540.
SONG Zheng-hong, ZENG Xiang-fang, XU Shan-hui, et al. Distributed Acoustic Sensing for imaging shallow structure Ⅰ: active source survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(2): 532-540 (in Chinese).
[27] 雷宇航, 尹扶, 洪鹤庭, 等. 基于MF-J变换的DAS观测高阶面波提取和浅地表结构成像[J]. 地球物理学报, 2021, 64(12): 4280-4291.
LEI Yu-hang, YIN Fu, HONG He-ting, et al. Shallow structure imaging using higher-mode Rayleigh waves based on F-J transform in DAS observation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2021, 64(12): 4280-4291 (in Chinese).
[28] Yu C Q, Zhan Z W, Lindsey N J, et al. The potential of DAS in teleseismic studies: Insights from the goldstone experiment[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, 46(3): 1320-1328.
[29] Jousset P. Illuminating Earth's faults[J]. Science, 2019, 366(6469): 1076-1077.
[30] Song Z H, Zeng X F, Xie J, et al. Sensing shallow structure and traffic noise with fiber-optic internet cables in an Urban area[J]. Survey in Geophysics, 2021, 42(6): 1401-1423.
[31] Ye Z P, Wang W J, Wang X, et al. Traffic flow and vehicle speed monitoring with object detection method from the roadside distributed acoustic sensing array[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 992571.
[32] Nishimura T, Emoto K, Nakahara H, et al. Source location of volcanic earthquakes and subsurface characterization using fiber-optic cable and distributed acoustic sensing system[J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 6319.
[33] Lior I, Sladen A, Rivet D, et al. On the detection capabilities of underwater distributed acoustic sensing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2021, 126(3): e2020JB020925.
[34] Hudson T S, Baird A F, Kendall J M, et al. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for natural microseismicity studies: A case study from Antarctica[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2021, 126(7): e2020JB021493.
[35] Wang J N, Wu G X, Chen X F. Frequency-bessel transform method for effective imaging of higher-mode Rayleigh dispersion curves from ambient seismic noise data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2019, 124(4): 3708-3723.
[36] Zeng X F, Lancelle C, Thurber C, et al. Properties of noise cross-correlation functions obtained from a distributed acoustic sensing array at garner valley, California[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2017, 107(2): 603-610.
[37] Ajo-Franklin J B, Dou S, Lindsey N J, et al. Distributed acoustic sensing using dark fiber for near-surface characterization and broadband seismic event detection[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1): 1328.
[38] 王宝善, 曾祥方, 宋政宏, 等. 利用城市通信光缆进行地震观测和地下结构探测[J]. 科学通报, 2021, 66(20): 2590-2595.
WANG Bao-shan, ZENG Xiang-fang, SONG Zheng-hong, et al. Seismic observation and subsurface imaging using an urban telecommunication optic-fiber cable[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(20): 2590-2595 (in Chinese).
[39] 林融冰, 包丰, 谢军, 等. 光缆布设方式对DAS主、被动源记录的影响[J]. 地球物理学报, 2022, 65(10): 4087-4098.
LIN Rong-bing, BAO Feng, XIE Jun, et al. The influence of cable installment on DAS active and passive source records[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2022, 65(10): 4087-4098 (in Chinese).
[40] Park C B, Miller R D, Xia J. Multichannel analysis of surface waves[J]. Geophysics, 1999, 64(3): 800-808.
[41] Vantassel J P, Cox B R. SWprocess: A workflow for developing robust estimates of surface wave dispersion uncertainty[J]. Journal of Seismology, 2022, 26(4): 731-756.
[42] Prieto G A, Lawrence J F, Beroza G C. Anelastic Earth structure from the coherency of the ambient seismic field[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2009, 114(B7): B07303.
[43] Sánchez-Sesma F J, Campillo M. Retrieval of the Green's function from cross correlation: The canonical elastic problem[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2006, 96(3): 1182-1191.
[44] Herrmann R B. Computer programs in seismology: An evolving tool for instruction and research[J]. Seismological Research Letters, 2013, 84(6): 1081-1088.
[45] Brocher T M. Empirical relations between elastic wavespeeds and density in the Earth's crust[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2005, 95(6): 2081-2092.
[46] Withers M, Aster R C, Young C, et al. A comparison of select trigger algorithms for automated global seismic phase and event detection[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1998, 88(1): 95-106.
[47] FEMA. NEHRP recommended seismic provisions for new buildings and other structures[S]. Washington, 2004.