河南开封地区第四纪地层研究

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 第四系的划分对区域地层对比及古地理演化研究具有重要意义。由于河南地区关于完整第四纪地层的研究相对较少, 本研究在河南省开封市开展了钻孔工作(钻孔深度为401.2 m), 利用古地磁、 AMS¹⁴C、光释光(OSL)和电子自旋共振(ESR)测年方法, 并结合钻孔岩性、孢粉组合等特征, 对开封BK1钻孔的第四纪地层进行了综合研究。古地磁结果表明, BK1钻孔岩心记录了布容正极性时(Brunhes)、松山负极性时(Matuyama)、高斯正极性时(Gauss)及布莱克(Blake)极性亚时, 对应深度分别为0～167.5 m、 167.5～362.5 m、 362.5～401.2 m、 44.1～46.7 m。在磁性年代和测年结果的基础上, 结合岩性沉积特征和孢粉组合特征, 确定了全新统、上更新统、中更新统和下更新统的界线深度分别位于19.8 m、 50.9 m、 167.5 m和362.5 m。通过与前人研究的对比以及对钻孔岩心沉积特征的分析, 本文对开封地区第四纪古地理演化进行了恢复。早更新世时期, 开封—濮阳一带发育古湖泊, 沉积了湖相地层, 湖泊西边界位于新乡地区; 中更新世时期, 黄河冲积扇发育, 湖泊逐渐缩小并最终消亡, 开封地区转为发育河流相沉积, 砂体厚度明显增加; 晚更新世至全新世, 区域仍受黄河冲积扇的影响, 继承了前期的河流相沉积特征。

关键词: 第四纪, 开封凹陷, 古地磁, 孢粉, AMS¹⁴C测年, OSL测年, ESR测年

Abstract: The division of the Quaternary system is of great significance for regional stratigraphic correlation and the study of paleogeographic evolution. Due to the relatively limited research on complete Quaternary strata in Henan Province, this study conducted a drilling project (with a depth of 401.2 m) in Kaifeng, Henan Province. Paleomagnetic, AMS¹⁴C, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating methods were applied. Combined with the characteristics of the borehole lithology and sporopollen assemblages, a comprehensive study was carried out on the Quaternary strata from the Kaifeng BK1 borehole. Paleomagnetic results show that the BK1 borehole core recorded the Brunhes positive polarity chron (Brunhes), the Matuyama negative polarity chron (Matuyama), the Gauss positive polarity chron (Gauss) and Blake polarity subchron corresponding to depths of 0~167.5 m, 167.5~362.5 m, 362.5~401.2 m, and 44.1~46.7 m, respectively. Based on magnetic chronology and dating results, and combined with lithological sedimentation and sporopollen assemblage characteristics, the boundary depths of the Holocene, Upper Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, and Lower Pleistocene were determined to be 19.8 m, 50.9 m, 167.5 m and 362.5 m, respectively. By comparing with previous studies and analyzing the sedimentary characteristics of the drill core, the Quaternary paleogeographic evolution of the Kaifeng area was reconstructed. During the Early Pleistocene, ancient lakes developed in the Kaifeng-Puyang area, depositing lacustrine strata, with the western boundary of the lake located in the Xinxiang area. In the Middle Pleistocene, the Yellow River alluvial fan developed, the lake gradually shrank and eventually disappeared, and fluvial sediments developed in the Kaifeng area, with a significant increase in sand body thickness. From the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, the region remained influenced by the Yellow River alluvial fan, inheriting previous fluvial sedimentary characteristics.

Key words: Quaternary, Kaifeng depression, Paleomagnetic, Sporopollen, AMS¹⁴C dating, OSL dating, ESR dating

中图分类号:

P65
P534.63

张哲, 张扬, 李涛, 毕志伟, 东王刚, 孙杰, 赵显刚. 河南开封地区第四纪地层研究[J]. 地震, 2025, 45(3): 136-155.

ZHANG Zhe, ZHANG Yang, LI Tao, BI Zhi-wei, DONG Wang-gang, SUN Jie, ZHAO Xian-gang. Study on Quaternary Stratigraphy of the Kaifeng Area, Henan Province[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2025, 45(3): 136-155.

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