基于沙城地震台的河北怀来地区剪切波分裂特征

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2022.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河北怀来盆地构造断裂发育, 历史上强震频发, 现今中小地震活动频繁。基于沙城地震台2008年10月—2018年4月记录到的丰富高信噪比小震事件, 对怀来地区进行了剪切波分裂特征研究。结果显示, 怀来地区快波平均偏振方向为87.3°±33.3°, 水平主压应力方向为NEE或近EW向; 这与前人得到的首都圈地区及华北地区区域构造应力场的主压应力方向一致, 反映了区域构造的局部信息。沙城台快波偏振优势方向与台站附近NW向黄土窑—土木断裂走向不一致。较长地震孕育期或小震群活动期, 怀来地区快波偏振方向较凌乱, 无明显优势方向。在怀来地区小震群活动之前有慢剪切波时间延迟明显减小的趋势, 这将对该地区短临地震预报工作提供一定的支持。 2017年1月—2018年4月怀来地区慢波时间延迟平均值为1.24 ms·km^-1, 数值较低, 可能与该时期无较大地震发生有关。

关键词: 剪切波分裂, 快波偏振方向, 慢波时间延迟, 水平主压应力, 震群

Abstract: Huailai Basin in Hebei Province, has developed faults, with frequent strong earthquakes in history and frequent medium-small earthquakes today. According to the high signal-to-noise small earthquake event waveforms recorded by Shacheng Seismic Station from October 2008 to April 2018, the shear-waves splitting characteristics of Huailai area are studied. The results show that the average polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Huailai area is 87.3°±33.3°, which suggests the direction of maximum horizontal principal compressive stress is NEE or nearly EW. This is consistent with the principal compressive stress direction of the regional tectonic stress field in the Capital zone and North China obtained by other predecessors, which reflects local information of regional tectonics. The dominant direction of fast shear-waves of Shacheng station is inconsistent with the strike (NW) of Huangtuyao-Tumu fault near the station. During the periods of seismogenesis or small earthquake swarm, the polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Huailai area is relatively disordered, with no obvious dominant direction. Before the small earthquake swarm activity in Huailai area, there was a significant decrease in the time delay of slow shear-waves, which can provide some supports for the short-impending earthquake prediction in this area. During the period of January 2017 to April 2018, the time delay of slow shear-waves is only 1.24 ms·km^-1, which is lower than other periods, probably due to the absence of major earthquakes.

Key words: Shear wave splitting, Fast wave polarization direction, Slow wave delay time, Horizontal principal compressive stress, Earthquake swarm

中图分类号:

P315.7

孙海霞, 林向东, 司政亚, 钟世军, 赵桂儒, 侯丽娟. 基于沙城地震台的河北怀来地区剪切波分裂特征[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(4): 70-88.

SUN Hai-xia, LIN Xiang-dong, SI Zheng-ya, ZHONG Shi-jun, ZHAO Gui-ru, HOU Li-juan. Characteristics of Shear Wave Splitting in Huailai Area, Hebei Province Based on Shacheng Seismic Station[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 70-88.

参考文献

[1] Crampin S. Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids[J]. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1984, 76(1): 135-145.
[2] Crampin S. Geological and industrial implications of extensive-dilatancy anisotropy[J]. Nature, 1987, 328: 491-496.
[3] Crampin S, Atkinson B K. Microcracks in the Earth's crust[J]. First Break, 1985, 3(3): 16-20.
[4] 高原, 滕吉文. 中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2005, 20(1): 180-185.
GAO Yuan, TENG Ji-wen. Studies on seismic anisotropy in the crust and mantle on Chinese mainland[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005, 20(1): 180-185 (in Chinese).
[5] 高原, 吴晶. 利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场: 以首都圈地区为例[J]. 科学通报, 2008, 53(23): 2933-2939.
GAO Yuan, WU Jing. Compressive stress field in the crust deduced from shear-wave anisotropy: an example in capital area of China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(23): 2933-2939 (in Chinese).
[6] Gao Y, Wang P D, Zheng S H, et al. Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in 1992 near Dongfang, Hainan Island, southern China[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1998, 135(1): 102-112.
[7] 赖院根, 刘启元, 陈九辉, 等. 新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2002, 45(1): 83-92.
LAI Yuan-gen, LIU Qi-yuan, CHEN Jiu-hui, et al. Features of the S-wave splitting and stress field in the Xinjiang Jiashi strong earthquake region[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2002, 45(1): 83-92 (in Chinese).
[8] 赖院根, 刘启元, 陈九辉, 等. 首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2006, 49(1): 189-196.
LAI Yuan-gen, LIU Qi-yuan, CHEN Jiu-hui, et al. Shear wave splitting and the features of the crustal stress field in the Capital Circle[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2006, 49(1): 189-196 (in Chinese).
[9] 太龄雪, 高原, 石玉涛, 等. 辽宁区域地震台网的地壳剪切波分裂研究[J]. 地震地质, 2009, 31(3): 401-414.
TAI Ling-xue, GAO Yuan, SHI Yu-tao, et al. A study of shear-wave splitting in the crust by Liaoning telemetry seismic network of China[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2009, 31(3): 401-414 (in Chinese).
[10] Crampin S. Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1978, 53(3): 467-496.
[11] Crampin S, Volti T, Stefánsson R. A successfully stress-forecast earthquake[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1999, 138(1): F1-F5.
[12] Gao Y, Crampin S. A stress-forecast earthquake (with hindsight), where migration of source earthquakes causes anomalies in shear-wave polarizations[J]. Tectonophysics, 2006, 426(3-4): 253-262.
[13] Bianco F, Scarfi L, Del Pezzo E, et al. Shear wave splitting changes associated with the 2001 volcanic eruption on Mt Etna[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 167(2): 959-967.
[14] Gao Y, Crampin S. Observation of stress relaxation before earthquakes[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2004, 157(2): 578-582.
[15] 李金, 高原, 王琼. 天山构造带上地壳介质各向异性分区特征[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2021, 51(4): 582-597.
LI Jin, GAO Yuan, WANG Qiong. Anisotropic zoning in the upper crust of the Tianshan Tectonic Belt[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2021, 51(4): 582-597 (in Chinese).
[16] Shi Y T, Gao Y, Shen X Z, et al. Multiscale spatial distribution of crustal seismic anisotropy beneath the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications of the Haiyuan fault[J]. Tectonophysics, 2020, 774: 228274.
[17] 石玉涛, 高原, 张永久, 等. 松潘—甘孜地块东部、川滇地块北部与四川盆地西部的地壳剪切波分裂[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(2): 481-494.
SHI Yu-tao, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Yong-jiu, et al. Shear-wave splitting in the crust in eastern Songpan-Garzê block, Sichuan-Yunnan block and western Sichuan Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(2): 481-494 (in Chinese).
[18] 李金, 高原, 张博, 等. 辽宁盖州海城地区地壳剪切波分裂特征[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 1058-1069.
LI Jin, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Bo, et al. The shear-wave splitting of Gaizhou earthquake swarm in Liaoning[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2016, 38(4): 1058-1069 (in Chinese).
[19] 陈安国, 高原, 石玉涛. 龙门山断裂带域上地壳各向异性及其变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 2019, 62(8): 2959-2981.
CHEN An-guo, GAO Yuan, SHI Yu-tao. Seismic anisotropy and its variation in the upper crust beneath Longmen Shan fault zone[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019, 62(8): 2959-2981 (in Chinese).
[20] 高原, 石玉涛, 王琼. 青藏高原东南缘地震各向异性及其深部构造意义[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(3): 802-816.
GAO Yuan, SHI Yu-tao, WANG Qiong. Seismic anisotropy in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its deep tectonic significances[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(3): 802-816 (in Chinese).
[21] 孙进, 石玉涛, 赵博, 等. 张家口—渤海地震活动带中东段地壳剪切波分裂研究[J]. 地震, 2013, 33(3): 24-32.
SUN Jin, SHI Yu-tao, ZHAO Bo, et al. On shear wave splitting in the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic belt[J]. Earthquake, 2013, 33(3): 24-32 (in Chinese).
[22] 吴晶, 高原, 陈运泰, 等. 首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2007, 50(1): 209-220.
WU Jing, GAO Yuan, CHEN Yun-tai, et al. Seismic anisotropy in northwestern capital area of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50(1): 209-220 (in Chinese).
[23] 赵博, 高原, 石玉涛, 等. 张家口—渤海地震带与山西地震带交汇区的地壳剪切波分裂[J]. 地球物理学报, 2011, 54(6): 1517-1527.
ZHAO Bo, GAO Yuan, SHI Yu-tao, et al. Shear wave splitting in the crust in the intersection zone of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic belt and Shanxi seismic belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2011, 54(6): 1517-1527 (in Chinese).
[24] 李金, 高原, 徐甫坤, 等. 2014年5月30日盈江6.1级地震序列剪切波分裂研究[J]. 中国地震, 2015, 31(2): 245-252.
LI Jin, GAO Yuan, XU Fu-kun, et al. The shear-wave splitting study on the Yingjiang M_S6.1 earthquake sequence on May 30, 2014[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2015, 31(2): 245-252 (in Chinese).
[25] 魏建民, 张晖, 赵星, 等. 乌海地区剪切波分裂研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2020, 15(4): 777-787.
WEI Jian-min, ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Xing, et al. Study on shear wave splitting in Wuhai area based on Wuhai seismic station[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2020, 15(4): 777-787 (in Chinese).
[26] 邓嘉美, 金明培, 高琼, 等. 洱源地震台数字地震记录S波分裂研究[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 2015, 36(5): 30-35.
DENG Jia-mei, JIN Ming-Pei, GAO Qiong, et al. About shear wave splitting of seismic recording at Eryuan seismic station[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, 2015, 36(5): 30-35 (in Chinese).
[27] 吴鹏, 李相平, 高原, 等. 邢台地区地壳各向异性特征初步研究[J]. 地震, 2017, 37(1): 73-81.
WU Peng, LI Xiang-ping, GAO Yuan, et al. Prelimitary study of crustal anisotropy in the Xingtai region, Hebei Province[J]. Earthquake, 2017, 37(1): 73-81 (in Chinese).
[28] 郑秀芬, 陈朝辉, 张春贺. 1999年台湾集集地震余震区嘉义地区地震的剪切波分裂参数随时间变化的研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2008, 51(1): 149-157.
ZHENG Xiu-fen, CHEN Zhao-hui, ZHANG Chun-he. Study on temporal variations of shear-wave splitting in the Chiayi area, aftershock zone of 1999 Chichi earthquake, Taiwan[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(1): 149-157 (in Chinese).
[29] 谢富仁, 张红艳, 崔效锋, 等. 延怀盆地活动断裂运动与现代构造应力场[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(4): 693-705.
XIE Fu-ren, ZHANG Hong-yan, CUI Xiao-feng, et al. Active fault movement and recent tectonic stress field in Yanhuai Basin[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2007, 29(4): 693-705 (in Chinese).
[30] 高战武, 徐杰, 宋长青, 等. 张家口—蓬莱断裂带的分段特征[J]. 华北地震科学, 2001, 19(1): 35-42.
GAO Zhan-wu, XU Jie, SONG Chang-qing, et al. The segmental character of Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 2001, 19(1): 35-42 (in Chinese).
[31] 徐锡伟, 冉勇康, 周本刚, 等. 张北—尚义地震的地震构造环境与宏观破坏特征[J]. 地震地质, 1998, 20(2): 135-145.
XU Xi-wei, RAN Yong-kang, ZHOU Ben-gang, et al. Seismotectonics and macrodamage features of the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 1998, 20(2): 135-145 (in Chinese).
[32] 徐锡伟, 吴卫民, 张先康, 等. 首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.
XU Xi-wei, WU Wei-min, ZHANG Xian-kang, et al. The latest crustal tectonic changes and earthquakes in the capital circle[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002 (in Chinese).
[33] 《活动断裂研究》编委会. 活动断裂研究(1)[M]∥冉勇康, 方仲景, 李志义. 怀来—涿鹿盆地周缘的活动断裂及其基本特征. 北京: 地震出版社, 1991.
Editorial Committee of Research on Active Fault. Research on active fault (1)[M]∥RAN Yong-kang, FANG Zhong-jing, LI Zhi-yi. Active faults around Huailai-Zhuolu basin and their basic characteristics. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1991 (in Chinese).
[34] 《活动断裂研究》编委会, 国家地震局地质研究所. 活动断裂研究4: 理论与应用[M]∥冉勇康, 方仲景, 王景钵. 怀来东园村砖瓦厂北西向断层大剖面. 北京: 地震出版社, 1995.
Editorial Committee of Research on Active Fault, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. Research on active fault 4: Theory and application[M]∥RAN Yong-kang, FANG Zhong-jing, WANG Jing-bo. The good exposure of Northwestern fault at the brick field of Dongyuan village, Huailai county of Hebei Province. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1995 (in Chinese).
[35] 徐杰, 宋长青, 楚全芝. 张家口—蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨[J]. 地震地质, 1998, 20(2): 146-154.
XU Jie, SONG Chang-qing, CHU Quan-zhi. Preliminary study on the seismotectonic characters of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone[J]. Seismology and Geology, 1998, 20(2): 146-154 (in Chinese).
[36] 高原, 石玉涛, 梁维, 等. 剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)软件系统[J]. 中国地震, 2008, 24(4): 345-353.
GAO Yuan, SHI Yu-tao, LIANG Wei, et al. Systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting SAM (2007): Software system[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2008, 24(4): 345-353 (in Chinese).
[37] 高原, 郑斯华. 唐山地区剪切波分裂研究(Ⅱ)相关函数分析法[J]. 中国地震, 1994, 10(增刊): 22-32.
GAO Yuan, ZHENG Si-hua. Study on shear-wave splitting in Tangshan area (Ⅱ)correlation function analysis method[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 1994, 10(S1): 22-32 (in Chinese).
[38] 高原, 梁维, 丁香, 等. 云南2001年施甸地震的剪切波分裂参数变化特征[J]. 地震学报, 2004, 26(6): 576-582.
GAO yuan, LIANG Wei, DING Xiang, et al. Variational characteristics of shear-wave splitting on the 2001 Shidian earthquakes in Yunnan, China[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2004, 26(6): 576-582 (in Chinese).
[39] Crampin S. A review of shear-wave splitting in the compliant crack-critical anisotropic earth[J]. Wave Motion, 2005, 41(1): 59-77.
[40] 孙海霞, 杨选, 林向东, 等. 北京及邻区Q值及台站场地响应分析[J]. 华北地震科学, 2018, 36(3): 1-11.
SUN Hai-xia, YANG Xuan, LIN Xiang-dong, et al. Analysis on the Q value and station site response in Beijing and its adjacent areas[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences, 2018, 36(3): 1-11 (in Chinese).
[41] 崔效锋, 谢富仁, 李瑞莎, 等. 华北地区构造应力场非均匀特征与煤田深部应力状态[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2010, 29(S1): 2755-2761.
CUI Xiao-feng, XIE Fu-ren, LI Rui-sha, et al. Heterogeneous features of state of tectonic stress field in North China and deep stress in coal mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(S1): 2755-2761 (in Chinese).
[42] 郭良迁. 断层活动应力轴的确定及首都圈应力场[J]. 东北地震研究, 1998, 14(3): 50-57.
GUO Liang-qian. Determination stress axis of fault activity and stress field of capital circle[J]. Seismological Research of Northeast China, 1998, 14(3): 50-57 (in Chinese).
[43] 武敏捷, 武安绪, 徐平, 等. 首都圈地区震源机制解综合研究[J]. 中国地震, 2012, 28(4): 393-401.
WU Min-jie, WU An-xu, XU Ping, et al. Comprehensive research on focal mechanism solutions in the Capital area[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2012, 28(4): 393-401 (in Chinese).
[44] 许忠淮, 刘玉芬, 张郢珍. 京、津、唐、张地区地震应力场的方向特征[J]. 地震学报, 1979, 1(2): 121-132.
XU Zhong-huai, LIU Yu-fen, ZHANG Ying-zhen. On the characteristic of direction of the earthquake stress field around the Beijing area[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1979, 1(2): 121-132 (in Chinese).
[45] 林向东, 袁怀玉, 徐平, 等. 华北地区地震震源机制分区特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2017, 60(12): 4589-4622.
LIN Xiang-dong, YUAN Huai-yu, XU Ping, et al. Zonational characteristics of earthquake focal mechanism solutions in North China[J]. Chinese Joural of Geophysics, 2017, 60(12): 4589-4622 (in Chinese).
[46] 秦向辉, 张鹏, 丰成君, 等. 北京地区地应力测量与主要断裂稳定性分析[J]. 地球物理学报, 2014, 57(7): 2165-2180.
QIN Xiang-hui, ZHANG Peng, FENG Cheng-jun, et al. In-situ stress measurements and slip stability of major faults in Beijing region[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014, 57(7): 2165-2180 (in Chinese).
[47] 汪一鹏, 邓起东, 朱世龙. 华北地区岩石圈动力学特征[M]∥国家地震局. 中国岩石圈动力学图集. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 1989.
WANG Yi-peng, DENG Qi-dong, ZHU Shi-long. Characteristics of lithospheric dynamics of North China[M]∥China Earthquake Administration. Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China. Beijing: China Cartographic Publishing House, 1989 (in Chinese).
[48] Gao Y, Wu J, Fukao Y, et al. Shear wave splitting in the crust in North China: Stress, faults and tectonic implications[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2011, 187(2): 642-654.
[49] Gao Y, Chen A G, Shi Y T, et al. Preliminary analysis of crustal shear-wave splitting in the Sanjiang lateral collision zone of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2019, 67(9): 2432-2449.
[50] 单连君, 张新东, 王晓山. 2016年1月9日河北怀来M_L3.4震群发震构造分析[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2017, 12(3): 557-564.
SHAN Lian-jun, ZHANG Xin-dong, WANG Xiao-shan. Analysis of seismogenic structure of the Huailai M_L3.4 earthquake swarm on January 9, 2016 in Hebei province[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2017, 12(3): 557-564 (in Chinese).
[51] Gao Y, Crampin S. Shear-wave splitting and earthquake forecasting[J]. Terra Nova, 2008, 20(6): 440-448.
[52] 吴朋, 秦敏, 赵翠萍, 等. 2014年10月云南景谷M_S6.6地震序列剪切波分裂参数变化研究[J]. 四川地震, 2019(4): 1-6.
WU Peng, QIN Min, ZHAO Cui-ping, et al. Study of the change of shear-wave splitting parameters of Jinggu M_S6.6 earthquake in October 2014[J]. Earthquake Research in Sichuan, 2019(4): 1-6 (in Chinese).
[53] 赵博, 高原. 地壳剪切波分裂研究及地震定位误差对剪切波分裂分析的影响[J]. 地震, 2010, 30(1): 115-124.
ZHAO Bo, GAO Yuan. Crustal shear-wave splitting research and the effects of earthquake location error on the analyzing results[J]. Earthquake, 2010, 30(1): 115-124 (in Chinese).
[54] 郭铁龙, 高原. 剪切波分裂揭示的青藏高原上地壳地震各向异性基本特征[J]. 地球物理学报, 2020, 63(3): 1085-1103.
GUO Tie-long, GAO Yuan. Seismic anisotropy in the upper crust within Tibetan Plateau revealed by shear-wave splitting[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2020, 63(3): 1085-1103 (in Chinese).