2017年九寨沟M7.0地震前临震电离层异常研究

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2022.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M7.0地震前电离层异常, 利用地基GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)垂直电子总含量(Vertical Total Electron Content, VTEC)和电离层测高仪F2层临界频率(foF2)观测数据, 考察了震前20日内电离层变化, 发现震前第4日(8月4日)及地震发生前5小时, 震中附近上空出现显著电离层正异常。结合异常对应的日地空间环境分析, 认为震前第4日出现的异常由磁暴引起, 而发震当日出现的临震电离层异常可能与孕震活动有关。本文表明电离层测高仪具有同GNSS VTEC一致的异常检测结果。相比公布时间滞后的GNSS数据及其产品, 测高仪数据的获取更加及时, 将两种电离层观测手段结合起来, 能实现两种技术优势互补, 提高地震电离层监测能力。

关键词: 地震, 电离层异常, GNSS, VTEC, 电离层测高仪

Abstract: In order to investigate the ionospheric anomalies before the Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake which occurred on August 8, 2017 in Sichuan, we used ground-based GNSS VTEC and ionosonde foF2 observation data to investigate the ionospheric variations in 20 days before the earthquake. We found that two significant positive ionospheric anomalies appeared near the epicenter 4 days and 5 hours before the earthquake. Considering the solar-terrestrial space environment around the days of the anomalies, we conclude that the former anomaly should be caused by a magnetic storm, whereas the latter occurring on the day of the earthquake may be caused by the seismogenic activity. This paper indicates that the ionosonde measurements are consistent with GNSS VTEC observations on ionospheric anomaly detection. Compared with the lag in the release time of GNSS data and products, ionosonde acquires data more timely. Combining the two ionospheric observation methods will promote superiority complement for each other, and then improve capabilities of seismo-ionospheric monitoring.

Key words: Earthquake, Ionospheric anomaly, GNSS, VTEC, Ionosonde

中图分类号:

P315.7

杨剑, 张宇, 胡良晨, 王兰炜, 祝芙英. 2017年九寨沟M7.0地震前临震电离层异常研究[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(4): 100-110.

YANG Jian, ZHANG Yu, HU Liang-chen, WANG Lan-wei, ZHU Fu-ying. Impending Ionospheric Anomalies before the 2017 Jiuzhaigou M7.0 Earthquake[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 100-110.

参考文献

[1] Davies K, Baker D M. Ionospheric effect observed around the time of Alaska earthquake of March 28, 1964[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1965, 70(9): 2251-2253.
[2] Pulinets S A. Seismic activity as a source of the ionospheric variability[J]. Advance in Space Research, 1998, 22(6): 903-906.
[3] Ondoh T. Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interior, 1998, 105(3-4): 261-269.
[4] Pulinets S A, Legen'ka A D, Gaivoronskaya T V, et al. Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes[J]. Journal of Atmosphere and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2003, 65(16-18): 1337-1347.
[5] Afraimovich E L, Astafieva E I, Gokhberg M B, et al. Variations of the total electron content in the ionosphere from GPS data recorded during the Hector Mine earthquake of October 16, 1999, California[J]. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2004, 6(5): 339-354.
[6] Liu J Y, Chuo Y J, Shan S J, et al. Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements[J]. Annales Geophysicae: Atmospheres, hydrospheres and space sciences, 2004, 22(5): 1585-1593.
[7] Carter B A, Kellerman A C, Kane T A, et al. Ionospheric precursors to large earthquakes: A case study of the 2011 Japanese Tohoku earthquake[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2013, 102: 290-297.
[8] Yan X X, Shan X J, Zhang X M, et al. Multiparameter seismo-ionospheric anomaly observation before the 2008 Wenchuan, China, M_W7.9 earthquake[J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2013, 7(1): 073532.
[9] Zhu F Y, Zhou Y Y, Wu Y. Anomalous variation in GPS TEC prior to the 11 April 2012 Sumatra earthquake[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2013, 345(2): 231-237.
[10] Zhu F Y, Wu Y, Zhou Y Y, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of GPS-TEC anomalies prior to the strong earthquakes[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2013, 345(2): 239-246.
[11] Le H J, Liu L B, Liu J Y, et al. The ionospheric anomalies prior to the M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 62: 476-484.
[12] Li M, Parrot M. Statistical analysis of an ionospheric parameter as a base for earthquake prediction[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2013, 118(6): 3731-3739.
[13] Zhu F Y, Zhou Y Y, Lin J, et al. A statistical study on the temporal distribution of ionospheric TEC anomalies prior to M7.0+ earthquakes during 2003—2012[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science, 2014, 350: 449-457.
[14] Zhou Y Y, Yang J, Zhu F Y, et al. Ionospheric disturbances associated with the 2015 M7.8 Nepal earthquake[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2017, 8(4): 221-228.
[15] King C Y. Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction: An overview[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1986, 91(B12): 12269-12281.
[16] Freund F. Time-resolved study of charge generation and propagation in igneous rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000, 105(B5): 11001-11019.
[17] Hao J, Tang T, Li D. Progress in the research on atmospheric electric field anomaly as an index for short-impending prediction of earthquakes[J]. Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research, 2000, 8: 241-255.
[18] Akihiro T, Nagahama H, Hashimoto T. Surface electrification of rocks and charge trapping centers[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9): 359-366.
[19] Molchanov O, Fedorov E, Schekotov A, et al. Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling as governing mechanism for preseismic short-term events in atmosphere and ionosphere[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2004, 4(5): 757-767.
[20] Shingo Y, Tsutomu O. Electromagnetic emissions from dry and wet granite associated with acoustic emission[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109(B9): B09204.
[21] Rapoport Y, Grimalsky V, Hayakawa M, et al. Change of ionosphere plasma parameters under the influence of electric field which has lithospheric origin and due to radon emanation[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2004, 29(4-9): 579-587.
[22] Pulinets S A, Boyarchuk K. Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2004.
[23] Trigunait A, Parrot M, Pulinets S, et al. Variations of the ionospheric electron density during the Bhuj seismic event[J]. Annales Geophysicae: Atmospheres, Hydrospheres and Space Sciences, 2004, 22(12): 4123-4131.
[24] Schaer S. Mapping and predicting the Earth's ionosphere using the global positioning system[D]. Berne: University of Berne, 1999.
[25] Sardón E, Rius A, Zarraoa N. Estimation of the transmitter and receiver differential biases and the ionospheric total electron content from global positioning system observations[J]. Radio Science, 1994, 29(3): 577-586.
[26] Mannucci A J, Wilson B D, Yuan D N, et al. A global mapping technique for GPS-derived ionospheric total electron content measurements[J]. Radio Science, 1998, 33(3): 565-582.
[27] 刘江, 陈聪, 何福秀. 基于GPS数据的汶川、九寨沟地震震前电离层异常分析[J]. 四川地震, 2019(4): 11-15+20.
LIU Jiang, CHEN Cong, HE Fu-xiu. Analysis of ionospheric nomalies before Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes based on GPS data[J]. Earthquake Research in Sichuan, 2019(4): 11-15+20 (in Chinese).
[28] 余涛, 毛田, 王云冈, 等. 汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化[J]. 科学通报, 2009, 54(4): 493-499.
YU Tao, MAO Tian, WANG Yun-gang, et al. Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(4): 493-499 (in Chinese).
[29] Zhao B Q, Wan W X, Liu L B, et al. Anomalous enhancement of ionospheric electron content in the Asian-Australian region during a geomagnetically quiet day[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113: A11302.
[30] Pulinets S A, Legen'ka A D. Spatial-temporal characteristics of large scale disturbances of electron density observed in the ionospheric F-region before strong earthquakes[J]. Cosmic Research, 2003, 41(3): 221-230.