氡计量标准器量值传递技术研究与应用

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2024.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： AlphaGUARD测氡仪被广泛用作氡标准仪器开展量值传递。本文通过标准氡室以及循环氡源验证AlphaGUARD测氡仪在低量程的准确性、高量程的一致性, 并建立一定浓度范围(0.6~142.4 Bq·L^-1)内的量值传递线性关系。为保证量值传递的可靠性, 基于溯源到参考标准的氡标准仪器, 将量值传递到循环氡源, 作者分别开展以循环氡源以及标准仪器和一定浓度的水样(>5 Bq·L^-1)作为参考标准的量值传递实验。本研究针对地下流体氡观测网内近年应用的4种新型测氡仪, 制定应用氡标准仪器进行量值传递的7种技术方案, 并在全国40多个氡观测站应用, 其中有12个连续观测站应用2年, 结果表明, 校准系数相对偏差均小于5%, 氡量值传递技术方案是可行的, 可满足现有氡观测的校准需求。此外, 作者还开展了传递方案的不确定度评价实验, 以DDL型测氡仪为例, 其最小不确定度可达5.5%(包含因子k=2)。本研究建立的新型测氡仪氡计量标准器量值传递技术方案, 该方案科学可行, 应用方案可有效保证新型测氡仪测值的稳定可靠。

关键词: 氡, 标准仪器, 计量, 传递技术

Abstract: The AlphaGUARD radon meter is generally widely used as a radon standard instrument for value transfer. This article studied the accuracy of the AlphaGUARD radon meter in low range and consistency in high range, and established a linear relationship for value transfer within the range of 0.6~142.4 Bq·L^-1. Based on tracing to reference standards, radon standard instruments are used to transfer values to circulating radon sources. Quantity transfer experiments based on circulating radon sources, as well as quantity transfer experiments based on standard instruments and certain concentration water samples (greater than 5 Bq·L^-1), are conducted separately. Seven technical schemes for transmitting measurement values using radon standard instruments have been developed for four new types of radon meters used in the underground fluid network in recent years, and have been applied in more than 40 radon observation stations nationwide. The continuous application of 12 observation stations for 2 years has shown that the radon value transmission technology scheme is scientifically feasible. Among the 12 radon observation stations, the relative deviation coefficients was less than 5%. This technology scheme can meet the calibration needs of existing radon observations. In addition, uncertainty evaluation experiments were conducted on the transmission scheme. Taking the DDL radon meter as an example, its minimum uncertainty can reach 5.5% (coverage factor k=2). The radon measurement value trans mission technology established in this study is scientifically feasible, and the application plan can effectively ensure the stability and reliability of the new radon measurement instrument.

Key words: Radon, Standard instrument, Metering, Transfer technique

中图分类号:

P315.7

樊春燕, 高小其, 王小娟, 穆慧敏, 姚玉霞, 张旭燕. 氡计量标准器量值传递技术研究与应用[J]. 地震, 2024, 44(3): 73-85.

FAN Chun-yan, GAO Xiao-qi, WANG Xiao-juan, MU Hui-min, YAO Yu-xia, ZHANG Xu-yan. Study and Application of Radon Value Transmission Technology Based on Standard Instruments[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2024, 44(3): 73-85.

参考文献

[1] 孙小龙, 王俊, 向阳, 等. 基于《中国震例》的地下流体异常特征统计分析[J]. 地震, 2016, 36(4): 120-130.
SUN Xiao-long, WANG Jun, XIANG yang, et al. Statistical characteristics of subsurface fluid precursors based on earthquake cases in China[J]. Earthquake, 2016, 36(4): 120-130 (in Chinese).
[2] 李营, 方震, 张晨蕾, 等. 地震流体地球化学短临预测研究进展与展望[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 593-621.
LI Ying, FANG Zhen, ZHANG Chen-lei, et al. Research progress and prospect of seismic fluid geochemistry in short-imminent earthquake prediction[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2023, 45(3): 593-621 (in Chinese).
[3] 晏锐, 蒋长胜, 张浪平. 汶川8.0级地震前水氡浓度的临界慢化现象研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2011, 54(7): 1817-1826.
YAN Rui, JIANG Chang-sheng, ZHANG Lang-ping. Study on critical slowing down phenomenon of radon concentrations in water before the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2011, 54(7): 1817-1826 (in Chinese).
[4] 晏锐, 田雷, 王广才, 等. 2008年汶川8.0级地震前地下流体异常回顾与统计特征分析[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(5): 1907-1921.
YAN Rui, TIAN Lei, WANG Guang-cai, et al. Review and statistically characteristic analysis of underground fluid anomalies prior to the 2008 Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(5): 1907-1921 (in Chinese).
[5] 周晓成, 孙凤霞, 陈志, 等. 汶川M_S8.0地震破裂带CO₂、 CH₄、 Rn和Hg脱气强度[J]. 岩石学报, 2017, 33(1), 291-303.
ZHOU Xiao-cheng, SUN Feng-xia, CHEN Zhi, et al. Degassing of CO₂, CH₄, Rn and Hg in the rupture zones produced by Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2017, 33(1): 291-303 (in Chinese).
[6] 曹玲玲, 苏鹤军. 嘉峪关气氡浓度异常与2021年玛多M_S7.4地震关系分析[J]. 地震工程学报, 2023, 45(4): 917-925.
CAO Ling-ling, SU He-jun. Relationship between abnormal gas radon concentration in Jiayuguan and Maduo M_S7.4 earthquake of 2021[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2023, 45(4): 917-925 (in Chinese).
[7] Ghosh D, Deb A, Sengupta R. Anomalous radon emission as precursor of earthquake[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2009, 69(2): 67-81.
[8] Elmaghraby E K, Lotfy Y A. Differentiation between earthquake radon anomalies and those arising from nuclear activities[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2009, 67(1): 208-211.
[9] Vizzini F, Brai M. In-soil radon anomalies as precursors of earthquakes: A case study in the SE slope of Mt. Etna in a period of quite stable weather conditions[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2012, 113(11): 131-141.
[10] Felice P. Primary standards of radon[J]. Metrologia, 2007, 44(4): S82.
[11] Dersch R. Primary and secondary measurements of ²²²Rn[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2004, 60(2-4): 387-390.
[12] Kim B C, Lee K B. Development of the primary measurement standard for gaseous radon-222 activity[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2012, 70(9): 1934-1939.
[13] 国家地震局. 地震水文地球化学观测技术规范[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 1985.
National Seismological Administration. Technical specification for seismic hydrogeochemical observation[M]. Beijing: Earthquake Publishing House, 1985 (in Chinese).
[14] 中国地震局编. 地震及前兆数字化观测技术规范(试行).地下流体观测[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 2011.
China Earthquake Administration. Technical specification for digital observation of earthquakes and precursors (Trial version).Underground fluid observation[J]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 2011 (in Chinese).
[15] 任宏微, 姚玉霞, 黄仁桂, 等. 地震监测氡观测仪器校准新方法研究[J]. 地震, 2016, 36(3): 46-54.
REN Hong-wei, YAO Yu-xia, HUANG Ren-gui, et al. A new calibration method of emanometer in earthquake monitoring[J]. Earthquake, 2016, 36(3): 46-54 (in Chinese).
[16] 任宏微, 姚玉霞, 周红艳. 测氡仪标准仪器校准法的条件研究[J]. 地震, 2017, 37(3): 148-156.
REN Hong-wei, YAO Yu-xia, ZHOU Hong-yan. Conditions for calibrating emanometer using standard instrument[J]. Earthquake, 2017, 37(3): 148-156 (in Chinese).
[17] 周红艳, 任宏微, 宁洪涛, 等. 采样方式对地震监测闪烁室法测氡仪校准结果的影响研究[J]. 地震, 2020, 40(4): 191-197.
ZHOU Hong-yan, REN Hong-wei, NING Hong-tao, et al. Study on the influence of sampling method on the calibration results of emanometer measured by scintillation chamber in seismic observation[J]. Earthquake, 2020, 40(4): 191-197 (in Chinese).
[18] 起卫罗, 曹舸斌, 方伟. 基于AlphaGUARDP2000F测氡仪利用水中溶解氡对DDL-1型气氡仪校准的实验研究[J]. 地震工程学报, 2019, 41(6): 1560-1567.
QI Wei-luo, CAO Ge-bin, FANG Wei. Experimental study of the calibration of a DDL-1 gas radon meter based on the AlphaGUARD P2000F Emanometer and dissolved radon[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2019, 41(6): 1560-1567 (in Chinese).
[19] 樊春燕, 姚玉霞, 刘春国, 等. 新型数字测氡仪校准技术研究与应用[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2023, 18(2): 411-418.
FAN Chun-yan, YAO Yu-xia, LIU Chun-guo, et al. Research and practice on calibration technology of new digital radon measuring instrument[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2023, 18(2): 411-418 (in Chinese).
[20] 黄仁桂, 赵影, 李雨泽, 等. 地震氡观测计量溯源初步探究[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(2): 183-190.
HUANG Ren-gui, ZHAO Ying, LI Yu-ze, et al. Preliminary study on the traceability of the observation and measurement of radon for earthquake monitoring[J]. Earthquake, 2019, 39(2): 183-190 (in Chinese).
[21] 黄仁桂, 赵影, 李雨泽, 等. 新入网地震水氡观测仪校准方式研究[J]. 核技术, 2023, 46(11): 40-48.
HUANG Ren-gui, ZHAO Ying, LI Yu-ze, et al. Study on the calibration method of newly connected seismic water radon monitor[J]. Nuclear Techniques, 2023, 46(11): 40-48 (in Chinese).
[22] 刘翠红, 张磊, 卓维海, 等. AlphaGUARD测氡仪的²²⁰Rn响应研究[J]. 辐射防护, 2010, 30(3): 135-140.
LIU Cui-hong, ZHANG Lei, ZHUO Wei-hai, et al. Response of AlphaGUARD radon detector to ²²⁰Rn[J]. Radiation Protection, 2010, 30(3): 135-140 (in Chinese).
[23] 潘自强. 电离辐射环境监测与评价[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 2007.
PAN Zi-qiang. Monitoring and evaluation of ionizing radiation environment[M]. Beijing: Atomic Energy Press, 2007 (in Chinese).
[24] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局. JJG 825—2013测氡仪[S]. 北京: 中国质检出版社, 2013.
General Administration of Quality Supervision. JJG 825—2013 Radon measuring instruments[S]. Beijing: China Quality Inspection Press, 2013 (in Chinese).
[25] Nielson K K, Rogers V C. Mathematical model for radon diffusion in earthen materials[R]. Washington D C: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1982.
[26] 刘庆成, 程业勋, 章晔, 等. 介质中氡运移的模拟[J]. 华东地质学院学报, 1995, 18(4): 366-370.
LIU Qing-cheng, CHENG Ye-xun, ZHANG Ye. Radon transportation simulation in medium[J]. Journal of East China Geological Institute, 1995, 18(4): 366-370 (in Chinese).
[27] 何彬, 肖刚, 路明, 等. 气压、气温、风速对室内氡气传输影响的三维瞬态数值模拟[J]. 核技术, 2003, 26(10): 799-803.
HE Bin, XIAO Gang, LU Ming, et al. Three-dimensional transient simulation of effects of air pressure, temperature and wind on radon transport[J]. Nuclear Techniques, 2003, 26(10): 799-803 (in Chinese).