温泉水中不同化学组分异常的指示意义以2023年5月2日隆阳MS5.2地震为例

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2025.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 温泉水文地球化学可以在地震前出现短临前兆异常, 但不同化学组分异常的指示意义仍存在不同认识。对2023年5月2日隆阳M_S5.2地震前, 距离震中150 km内的3个温泉开展了2年的主量元素和同位素连续观测, 研究发现洱源牛街温泉水循环深度较深, 水岩作用强烈, δ18O、 δD、 SO^2-₄、 Cl^-值在震前93~120 d出现同步异常上升; 检槽温泉水循环较浅, 但受到深部气体影响, 在震前112 d出现了挥发性元素(Cl)的异常; 炼场坪温泉水循环较浅, 受到矿物溶解作用影响明显, 在震前36~43 d出现Na⁺、 SO^2-₄、 Cl^-值异常。 3个温泉的水文地球化学地震前兆异常特征表明, Cl作为挥发性元素, 可以携带更多深部信息, 是地震短临前兆异常的优势指标; 多种化学组分出现协同变化的异常, 地震指示意义更加明确。异常出现时间与水循环深度有关, 循环较深的温泉水中的化学组分异常出现时间在震前3个月左右, 循环较浅的温泉出现异常的时间在震前1个月左右。通过对比2021年5月21日漾濞M_S6.4地震中洱源牛街温泉的震后趋势, 发现温泉与中强地震处于同一断裂体系时, 水循环会被打破并在震后形成新的平衡, 因此, 中强地震后温泉水中的背景值需要结合具体的构造环境进行重新确定。

关键词: 水文地球化学, 温泉, 地震短临前兆异常, 2023年隆阳M_S5.2地震, 氢氧同位素

Abstract: Hydrogeochemical anomalies in hot spring water can reveal short-term precursory anomalies before earthquakes, yet there remains divergent understanding the significance of the anomalies in different chemical components. This study presents a two-year continuous observation of major elements and isotopes in three hot springs located within 150 kilometers of the epicenter of the Longyang M_S5.2 earthquake that occurred on May 2^nd, 2023.The results reveal synchronous anomalies(δ18O、 δD、 SO^2-₄、 Cl^-)around three months (93~120 d) before the earthquake at the Eryuanniujie hot spring, characterized by deep water circulation and intense water-rock interactions. The Jiancao hot spring exhibited anomalies in volatile components (Cl^-) 112 days before the earthquake, likely influenced by deep-seated gases. Conversely, anomalies in major ions appeared approximately one month (36~43 d) before the earthquake at the Lianchangping hot spring, where shallow water circulation and pronounced mineral dissolution effects are observed. The hydrological and geochemical precursory anomalies in these three hot springs suggest that chlorine, as a volatile element, can carry more profound information, making it an advantageous indicator of short-term earthquake precursors. The simultaneous anomalies in multiple chemical components provide clearer earthquake indications. The timing of anomalies correlates with the depth of water circulation: anomalies in deeper circulating hot spring water appeared approximately three months before the earthquake, while those in shallower circulating hot springs occurred about one month prior. Comparative analysis of the post-seismic trends in the Eryuan Niujie hot spring following the 21^st May, 2021 Yangbi M_S6.4 earthquake indicates that hot springs within the same fault system as moderate earthquakes undergo disrupted water circulation and re-established a new equilibrium after them. Therefore, the background values of hot spring water following moderate earthquakes must be re-evaluated in the context of the specific tectonic settings.

Key words: Hydrogeochemistry, Hot spring, Earthquake short-term precursor anomalies, The 2023 Longyang M_S5.2 earthquake, Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes

中图分类号:

P315.7

何苗, 申彤, 周晓成, 天娇, 周锐, 王昱文, 曾召君, 姚炳宇, 颜玉聪, 李静超, 董金元. 温泉水中不同化学组分异常的指示意义以2023年5月2日隆阳M_S5.2地震为例[J]. 地震, 2025, 45(1): 197-213.

HE Miao, SHEN Tong, ZHOU Xiao-cheng, TIAN Jiao, ZHOU Rui, WANG Yu-wen, ZENG Zhao-jun, YAO Bing-yu, YAN Yu-cong, LI Jing-chao, DONG Jin-yuan. Significance of Anomalies in Different Chemical Components of Hot Spring Water: A Case Study of the Longyang M_S5.2 Earthquake on May 2^nd, 2023[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2025, 45(1): 197-213.

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