不同岩性下水对断层摩擦性状影响的实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用双轴伺服控制加载装置, 在干燥和饱和水(浸在水中)条件下, 开展了砂岩、大理岩和花岗岩的摩擦实验。对比干湿条件下断层摩擦应力和声发射的演化特征, 讨论水对断层滑动性状的影响。研究表明, 低正应力条件下, 砂岩和大理岩标本表现为稳滑, 而花岗岩则表现为粘滑; 岩体矿物成分、孔隙率和以及滑动面的状况共同影响断层摩擦的稳定性; 干湿条件下摩擦强度的变化为水对断层滑动面和围岩抗剪强度影响的综合效应; 砂岩含有硬度较小的矿物, 初始粘结力低, 孔隙率高, 水对滑动面和围岩都起到弱化的作用; 方解石硬度和摩擦特性控制了大理岩的摩擦性状, 而标本含有穿晶和晶内微破裂增强了水对大理岩摩擦强度的弱化作用; 花岗岩组成矿物的硬度大且胶结紧密, 初始粘结力大, 孔隙率低, 因此摩擦性状对含水量的变化响应较小。不同岩性的摩擦稳定性在干湿条件下均存在差异, 不同岩性断层摩擦性状对含水量的变化响应不同, 因此研究水库诱发地震时要考虑断层的岩性特征。

关键词: 岩性, 饱和水, 应力, 声发射, 摩擦强度

Abstract: We performed a series of frictional experiments with dry and water-saturated sandstone, marble and granite blocks by using a servo-controlled biaxial loading machine. In the experiments, we compared the stress and acoustic emission characteristics of fault friction for dry and water-saturated samples, and then discussed the effect of water on frictional characteristic. The main results are as follows. Under lower constant average normal stress, sandstone and marble show steady slide while granite shows stick-slip. Mineral components,porosity and sliding surface dominate the frictional characteristic of faults. The frictional strength of water-saturated fault is depended on the comprehensive effect of water to the sliding surface and the surrounding rocks. Water can reduce the strength of sandstone both for sliding surface and surrounding rocks, because it contains some smaller hardness minerals and has a low initial adhesive strength but high porosity. The hardness and frictional properties of calcite controll the frictional characters of marble. Because there are some transcrystalline and intracrystalline micro cracks in sample, the effect of water decreasing the frictional strength is enhanced. Because of hard minerals and closed cementing, the granite had a high initial strength and low porosity, and then the water content plays less impact on granite frictional strength. For both dry and wet sample, frictional characteristics vary with lithology. Moreover, the effect of water content in fault friction is also different for different lithology. Therefore, the lithology of faults is an important topic in the study of reservoir-induced seismicity.

Key words: Frictional strength, Stress, Acoustic emission

中图分类号:

P315.7

黄元敏, 马胜利, 杨马陵. 不同岩性下水对断层摩擦性状影响的实验研究[J]. 地震, 2015, 35(4): 21-29.

HUANG Yuan-min, MA Sheng-li, YANG Ma-ling. Experimental Study of Water Effect on Frictional Characteristics for Different Lithology[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2015, 35(4): 21-29.

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