2016年日本九州岛7.3级地震前及同震地壳运动

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从http://geodesy.unr.edu网站可获得Geoffrey Blewitt用GIPSY软件处理得到的全球大量GPS站坐标。本文主要利用该网站2012年4月至2016年4月23日日本九州岛及其附近250多个GPS连续观测站及其他站的IGS08全球参考框架坐标时间序列, 获取2016年4月16日日本九州岛7.3级地震同震位移、震前水平应变积累和区域参考框架位移。位于中国大陆北京附近的GPS连续观测站BJFS观测结果保持长期稳定, 因而主要采用此站作为区域位移参考框架核心站, 得到此次日本九州岛7.3级地震震前位移时空变化图像。该地震震前水平位移的主要特征是震源附近地壳运动处于闭锁状态。水平应变积累表明, 震前在震中的东北方有第一剪应变γ₁积累异常区, 震前异常范围不断扩大, 幅度逐渐增大, 异常范围达到2000 km²。但该网站得到的2015年11月26日后BJFS站数据处理结果的E分量变化为更换接收机和天线所致。为研究震前短期变化, 比较了东亚大陆韩国SUWN和DAEJ这2个GPS连续观测站和北京附近另一个GPS连续观测站BJSH的全球参考框架坐标时间序列, 表明这3个站变化一直保持平稳且一致。采用BJSH作为区域位移参考框架核心站得到的位移时间序列表明, 此次大地震前位移无明显的短期异常。

关键词: 同震水平位移, GPS, 地震前兆, 2016年日本九州岛7.3级地震

Abstract: Time series of coordinates of a large number of GPS stations in the world, processed by Prof. Geoffrey with GIPSY software are available at http://geodesy.unr.edu. Based on the time series of coordinates in the global reference frame of IGS08 at more than 250 stations of continuous GPS observations, downloaded from the website, the co-seismic displacements of the M7.3 Kyushu earthquake on April 16th, 2016 in Japan and the pre-seismic strain accumulations and displacements in the regional reference frame were obtained. The station of continuous GPS observation at BJFS near Beijing has been quite stable in displacement in the eastern part of China for more than 17 years since the beginning of its operation, and this station is used as the core station in the regional reference frame for the pre-seismic displacements of the Kyushu earthquake of M7.3. The main feature of the pre-seismic displacements of the Kyushu earthquake is characterized by the lock in the crust at and near the epicenter. The anomalous pre-seismic strain accumulation developed in an area of anomalous accumulation of the shear strain component of γ₁ on the northeast side of the epicenter, with increasing size of the area and increasing magnitude in γ₁. The largest area covered by the anomalous γ₁ is about 2000 km². The change in E component at BJFS since Nov. 26th, 2015 was caused by the replacement of the receiver and the antenna at the station. In order to study the short term change in displacements at stations at and near the epicenter, time series at three stations of continuous GPS observations, two at SUWN and DAEJ in south Korea and one at BJSH near Beijing were analyzed and the analysis shows that the displacements at the 3 stations have been quite stable in the same manner in east Asia. So BJSH is used as the core station in the regional reference frame of displacements and the displacement time series show that there were no significant short term anomalies before the earthquake.

Key words: GPS, GNSS, Co-seismic displacement, The 2016 Kyushu M7.3 earthquake in Japan, Earthquake precursor, Earthquake prediction

中图分类号:

P315.7

顾国华. 2016年日本九州岛7.3级地震前及同震地壳运动[J]. 地震, 2017, 37(3): 28-37.

GU Guo-hua. Pre- and Co-seismic Crustal Movements of the 16 April, 2016 Kyushu M7.3 Earthquake, Japan[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2017, 37(3): 28-37.

参考文献

[1] 马瑾. 从“是否存在有助于预报的地震先兆”说起[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61: 409-414.
[2] 刘杰, 张国民. “是否存在有助于预报的地震前兆”的讨论[J]. 科学通报, 2016, 61: 1988-1994.
[3] 顾国华. GPS-地震预测利器, 《科学与中国》(十年辉煌光耀神州)(10集)的“气候与灾害科学技术卷”[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2012: 10.
[4] Gu G H, Wang W X. Advantages of GNSS in Monitoring Crustal Deformation for Detection of Precursors to Strong Earthquakes. Positioning, 2013, 4: 11-19 doi:10. 4236/pos. 2013. 41003 Published Online February 2013 (http:∥www.scirp.org/journal/pos).
[5] 顾国华, 王武星, 孟国杰, 等. GPS测得的汶川大地震前后的地壳运动[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2009, 34(11): 1336-1339.
[6] Gu G H, Wang W X, Xu Y R, et al. Horizontal Crustal Movement before the Great Wenchuan Earthquake Obtained from GPS Observations in the Regional Network[J]. Earthquake Science, 2009, 22(5): 471-478.
[7] Gu G H, Meng G J, Wang W X. Anomalous Crustal Movements before the Great Wenchuan Earthquake Obtained from GPS Observations [J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2011, 2(2): 13-22.
[8] Gu G H, Wang W X. Far-field Crustal Movements before and after the 2011 M_S9.0 Japan Earthquake from GPS Observations[J]. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2011, 2(3): 1-7.
[9] 顾国华, 王武星, 占伟, 等. 芦山M_S7.0大地震前和同震水平位移[J]. 地震学报, 2015, 37(1): 54-65.
[10] 顾国华, 王武星, 占伟, 等. 东日本M_W9.0大地震前、同震及震后地壳水平运动[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2015, 40(12): 1669-1676.
[11] Geoffrey Blewitt, Corné Kreemer, William C. Hammond, Jay M. Goldfarb. Terrestrial reference frame NA12 for crustal deformation studies in North America[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 2013, 72: 11-24.
[12] 顾国华, 申旭辉, 王敏, 等. 中国大陆现今地壳水平运动基本特征[J]. 地震学报, 2001, 23(4): 362-369.
[13] 顾国华, 符养, 王武星. 1999至2001年中国大陆现今地壳水平运动[J]. 地震学报, 2004, 26(增刊): 58-63.

[1]	王菲, 刁法启, 潘正洋, 邵志刚. 基于地壳变形观测资料分析广义海原断裂运动状态[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(4): 14-24.
[2]	张学民, 刘静, 周煜林, 杜晓辉. 2021年云南漾濞M_S6.4地震和青海玛多M_S7.4地震前后的电离层扰动[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(3): 1-20.
[3]	邹芳, 孟国杰, 苏小宁, 吴伟伟, 赵倩, 佘雅文, ThantMyo. 2021年云南漾濞M_S6.4地震震前地壳形变特征研究[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(3): 21-36.
[4]	王玲灵, 刘红, 孙凤霞, 李一闪, 刘雷, 周晓成. 氦在矿物中的扩散及其在地震研究中的应用前景[J]. 地震, 2022, 42(3): 165-179.
[5]	常金龙, 甘卫军, 孟令升, 朱成林, 刘俊清. GPS应变场云图方法识别地震形变场异常初步分析[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(3): 22-31.
[6]	张学民, 刘静, 熊攀, 周煜林. 2020年新疆于田6.4级地震前电离层扰动现象分析[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(2): 145-157.
[7]	袁爱璟, 王伟君, 彭菲, 闫坤, 寇华东. 机器学习在地震预测中的应用进展[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(1): 51-66.
[8]	黄星, 洪顺英, 金红林, 刘泰, 董彦芳. 2015年新疆皮山M_W6.4地震发震断层和滑动分布反演[J]. 地震, 2020, 40(1): 84-98.
[9]	张希, 秦姗兰, 贾鹏, 李瑞莎. 2016年门源M_S6.4地震孕育—发生的地形变异常特征[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(4): 27-38.
[10]	邹镇宇, 江在森, 王启欣, 刘泰, 崔月菊. 走滑断层地表位移动态演化特征研究[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(4): 118-126.
[11]	王静. GPS应变率场计算方法研究进展[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(2): 122-134.
[12]	刘泰, 付广裕, 邹镇宇. 2004年苏门答腊地震粘滞性松弛效应对华南地区地壳水平活动的影响[J]. 地震, 2019, 39(2): 37-45.
[13]	苏小宁, 孟国杰. 基于GPS观测的2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1地震多尺度震后形变特征[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(4): 1-13.
[14]	徐化超, 王辉, 曹建玲. 青藏高原东北缘主要断裂滑动速率及其动力学意义[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(3): 13-23.
[15]	叶茂盛, 孟国杰, 苏小宁. 青藏高原东北缘主要断裂闭锁特征和滑动亏损研究[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(3): 1-12.