基于GNSS速度场估计南北地震带北段主要活动断裂现今运动速率和滑动亏损

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2022.04.003

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the GNSS velocity field of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), the negative dislocation model was used to obtain the slip rate, slip deficit and lock-in rate of 0～40 km depth of the main active faults in the North-South seismic belt from 2013 to 2015 and 2015 to 2020, combined with the change of strain rate field. Quantitative analysis and trend comparison are made on sliding parameters of the two periods. The results show that the northern altun fault, Subei Kuantan Mountain fault and the southern part of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain fault are locked. The Zhuanglanghe fault is widely locked, and the slip deficit of the Yongdeng-Lanzhou junction reaches 2.69 mm/a. The slip deficit of the fault and tragic section in the northern margin of west Qinling ranges from 0 to 3.22 mm/a, and the locked-in parts are unevenly distributed, and most of them are located in tianshui section and Luanfeng section. Except for the Arak-Tosuo Lake segment, which increases by 5.12 mm/a than that from 2013 to 2015, the slip deficit in other parts of the East Kunlun fault decreases than that from 2013 to 2015, but the overall slide loss remains high. Except for Lake Toso and Maqu, the deficit rate was evenly distributed. Xiugou-arak Lake segment, Arak Lake-Tosuo Lake segment, and Tosuo Lake-Maqu segment have small changes in overall sliding velocity and keep high sliding deficit and locking rate. There is locking in Hasishan-Machangshan section of Haiyuan fault. The overall sliding deficit of Liupanshan fault increases to 1.39～6.34 mm/a, the sliding rate increases, and there is locking at the boundary of Haiyuan segment and Guyuan-Jingyuan fault. The Yumen and Sunan faults in the northern margin of Qilian Mountains are locked. We should pay close attention to Subei Kuantan Mountain section of northern Altun fault, Yongdeng-Lanzhou junction section of Zhuanglang River fault, Tianshui and Luanfeng sections of northern Qinling fault, Xiugou-Alak Lake section, Alak Lake-Tuosuo Lake section, Tuosuo Lake-Maqu section of East Kunlun fault, southern section of Helan Mountain eastern fault, Hasishan-Machang Mountain section of Haiyuan fault, Liupanshan fault Haiyuan section and Guyuan-Jingyuan junction Yumen segment and Sunan segment of the northern margin of the Qilian Mountains. Be aware of the risk of major earthquakes in these areas.

Key words: North-South seismic belt, Active fault, Strain rate field, Slip rate, Slip deficit, Locking rate

CLC Number:

P315.7

ZHANG Nan, NIE Gao-zhong, FAN Xi-wei, WANG Jing, YU Si-han, SUN Jia-xin, XIE Hui. The Estimation of Current Motion Rates and Slip Deficits of the Main Active Faults in the Northern Segment of the North-South Seismic Belt Based on GNSS Velocity Field[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 25-46.

References

[1] 邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等. 中国活动构造基本特征[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2002, 32(12): 1020-1030.
DENG Qi-dong, ZHANG Pei-zhen, RAN Yong-kang, et al. Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2002, 32(12): 1020-1030 (in Chinese).
[2] 张培震, 王敏, 甘卫军, 等. GNSS观测的活动断裂滑动速率及其对现今大陆动力作用的制约[J]. 地学前缘, 2003, 10(Z1): 81-92.
ZHANG Pei-zhen, WANG Min, GAN Wei-jun, et al. Slip rates along major active faults from GPS measurements and constraints on contemporary continental tectonics[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2003, 10(Z1): 81-92 (in Chinese).
[3] 李琦, 谭凯, 赵斌, 等.东昆仑断裂滑动速率变化及其对2017年九寨沟地震的应力加载[J]. 地球物理学报, 2019, 62(3): 912-922.
LI Qi, TAN Kai, ZHAO Bin, et al. Slip rate change of East Kunlun fault and its stress effect on 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2019, 62(3): 912-922 (in Chinese).
[4] Peltzer G, Tapponnier P, Armijo R. Magnitude of late Quaternary left-lateral displacements along the north edge of Tibet[J]. Science, 1989, 246(4935): 1285-1289.
[5] Tapponnier P, Xu Z Q, Roger F, et a1. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau[J]. Science, 2001, 294(5547): 1671-1677.
[6] Molnar P, Dayem K E. Major intracontinental strike-slip faults and contrasts in lithospheric strength[J]. Geosphere, 2010, 6(4): 444-467.
[7] 周德敏, 甘卫军, 任金卫, 等. 基于GPS观测资料反演庄浪河断裂带、马衔山北缘断裂带的滑动速率[J]. 地震地质, 2005, 27(4): 706-714.
ZHOU De-min, GAN Wei-jun, REN Jin-wei, et al. Inversion of slip rates of the Zhuanglanghe faults and the northern marginal fault of Maxianshan based on GPS measurements[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2005, 27(4): 706-714 (in Chinese).
[8] Okada Y. Internal deformation due to shear and tensile fault in a half-space[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1992, 82(2): 1018-1040.
[9] 姚志军. 祁连山断裂滑动速率的混沌遗传算法反演[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2014.
YAO Zhi-jun. The inversion of slip-rate on Qilianshan fault through Chaos-Genetic algorithm[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2014.
[10] 郝明, 李煜航, 秦姗兰. 基于GPS数据的海原—六盘山断裂带滑动速率亏损时空分布[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(3): 471-484.
HAO Ming, LI Yu-hang, QIN Shan-lan. Spatial and temporal distribution of slip rate deficit across Haiyuan Liupanshan fault zone constrained by GPS data[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2017, 39(3): 471-484 (in Chinese).
[11] 刘杰. 基于GPS和水准数据的微粒群算法联合反演祁连山北缘断裂三维滑动速率[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2019, 39(9): 906-909.
LIU Jie. Three-dimensional slip velocity of northern edge of Qilian mountain fault inversion using the particle swarm optimization algorithm with GPS and leveling data [J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2019, 39(9): 906-909 (in Chinese).
[12] 董彦知, 高金宝, 张东涛. 浅析大地形变监测地震预报[J]. 城市建设理论研究, 2013(15).
DONG Yan-zhi, GAO Jin-bao, ZHANG Dong-tao. Preliminary analysis of geodetic deformation monitoring and forecasting[J]. Theoretical Research in Urban Construction, 2013(15) (in Chinese).
[13] 武艳强, 江在森, 杨国华. 最小二乘配置方法在提取GPS时间序列信息中的应用[J]. 国际地震动态, 2007(7): 99-103.
WU Yan-qiang, JIANG Zai-sen, YANG Guo-hua. The application of least square collocation in obtaining information from GPS time series[J]. Recent Developments in World Seismology, 2007(7): 99-103 (in Chinese).
[14] 党学会, 王同庆, 吕志鹏, 等. 汶川M_S8.0地震前后川滇地区地壳水平形变动态变化初探[J]. 地震工程学报, 2016, 38(Z1): 30-35.
DANG Xue-hui, WANG Tong-qing, LÜ Zhi-peng. Dynamic variation of horizontal crustal deformation in the Sichuan—Yunnan region before and after the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2016, 38(Z1): 30-35 (in Chinese).
[15] Houseman G, England P.Crustal thickening versus lateral expulsion in the Indian-Asian continental collision[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1993, 98(7): 12233-12249.
[16] Zhang P Z, Shen Z K, Wang M, et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data[J]. Geology, 2004, 32(9): 809-812.
[17] 樊计昌, 李松林, 张先康, 等.海原断裂在地壳深处的几何形态及其动力学意义[J]. 地震学报, 2004, 26(S1): 43-51.
FAN Ji-chang, LI Song-lin, ZHANG Xian-kang, et al. Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2004, 26(S1): 43-51 (in Chinese).
[18] 温燕林, 宋治平, 赵文舟, 等.东昆仑断裂带玛曲—玛沁段大震危险性分析和探讨[J]. 地震工程学报, 2015, 37(1): 175-180.
WEN Yan-lin, SONG Zhi-ping, ZHAO Wen-zhou, et al. Analysis and discussion of large earthquake risk along the Maqu-Maqin segment of the east kunlun fault zone[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2015, 37(1): 175-180 (in Chinese).
[19] 曹喜林, 胡小飞, 潘保田, 等.三角剪切断层传播褶皱在祁连山北缘断裂中的应用: 以黑河口断层为例[J]. 第四纪研究, 2016, 36(4): 870-883.
CAO Xi-lin, HU Xiao-fei, PAN Bao-tian, et al. Application of trishear fault-propagation folding to the north frontal thrust of the Qilianshan mountains: An example from the Heihekou fault[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2016, 36(4): 870-883 (in Chinese).
[20] 宁夏回族自治区地震局.宁夏回族自治区地震历史资料汇编[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 1988.
Earthquake Agency of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Compilation of historical earthquake data of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988 (in Chinese).
[21] 宁夏地质局研究队地质力学编图组.宁夏回族自治区构造体系图(1∶500000)[M]. 银川: 宁夏人民出版社, 1980.
Geological Administration of Ninxia Hui Autonomous Region.Geological structure system map of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (1∶500000)[M]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press, 1980 (in Chinese).
[22] 蔡瑶瑶, 张军龙. 东昆仑断裂带地震复发间隔及地震危险性[J]. 地震, 2018, 38(3): 58-65.
CAI Yao-yao, ZHANG Jun-long. Repeating intervals and potentials of earthquakes in the eastern Kunlun fault zone[J]. Earthquake, 2018, 38(3): 58-65 (in Chinese).
[23] 刘兴旺, 袁道阳, 史志刚, 等. 六盘山断裂带构造活动特征及流域盆地地貌响应[J]. 地震工程学报, 2015, 37(1): 168-195.
LIU Xing-wang, YUAN Dao-yang, SHI Zhi-gang. Tectonic activity characteristics of the Liupanshan fault zone and geomorphologic response of drainage basin[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2015, 37(1): 168-195 (in Chinese).
[24] 徐婉桢, 孟国杰, 苏小宁. 基于GPS观测的六盘山断裂震间闭锁特征研究[J]. 地震, 2016, 36(3): 14-24.
XU Wan-zhen, MENG Guo-jie, SU Xiao-ning. Interseismic locking characteristics of the Liupanshan fault from GPS observation[J]. Earthquake, 2016, 36(3): 14-24 (in Chinese).
[25] 杜方, 闻学泽, 冯建刚, 等. 六盘山断裂带的地震构造特征与强震危险背景[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(2): 545-559.
DU Fang, WEN Xue-ze, FENG Jian-gang, et al. Seismo-tectonics and seismic potential of the Liupanshan fault zone (LPSFZ), China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018, 61(2): 545-559 (in Chinese).
[26] 张楠, 许文俊. 利用GPS数据研究南北地震带北段近期地壳水平形变特征[J]. 地震工程学报, 2018, 40(3): 562-573.
ZHANG Nan, XU Wen-jun. Study of the recent crustal horizontal deformation in the northern segment of the North—South Seismic Belt based on GPS data[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 2018, 40(3): 562-573 (in Chinese).
[27] 张楠, 许文俊, 王静, 等.南北地震带北段分区应变率场动态变化特征研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2020, 35(5): 1724-1735.
ZHANG Nan, XU Wen-jun, WANG Jing, et al. Study on the zonal dynamic characteristics of strain rate field in the north section of the North-South Seismic Belt[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2020, 35(5): 1724-1735 (in Chinese).
[28] 徐锡伟, 于贵华, 陈桂华, 等. 青藏高原北部大型走滑断裂带近地表地质变形带特征分析[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(2): 201-217.
XU Xi-wei, YU Gui-hua, CHEN Gui-hua, et al. Near-surface character of permanent geologic deformation across the mega-strike-slip faults in the northern Tibetan plateau[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2007, 29(2): 201-217 (in Chinese).
[29] Zhang P Z, Molnar P, Xu X W. Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh faut, northern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J]. Tectonics, 2007, 26(5): TC5010.
[30] Chen Y W, Li S H, Li B. Slip rate of the Aksay segment of Altyn Tagh fault revealed by OSL dating of river terraces[J]. Quaternary Geochronology, 2012, 10: 291-299.
[31] Chen Y W, Li S H, Sun J M, et al. OSL dating of offset streams across the Altyn Tagh Fault: Channel deflection, loess deposition and implication for the slip rate[J]. Tectonophysics, 2013, 594: 182-194.
[32] 赵静, 牛安福, 李强, 等. 陇西块体周边断层闭锁程度与滑动亏损特征研究[J]. 地震研究, 2016, 39(3): 351-358.
ZHAO Jing, NIU An-fu, LI Qiang, et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of fault locking and fault slip deficit in the faults around the Longxi block[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 2016, 39(3): 351-358 (in Chinese).
[33] Molnar P, Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continenta1 collision[J]. Nature, 1975, 189(4201): 419-426.
[34] Avouac J P, Tapponnier P. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1993, 20(10): 895-898.
[35] 刘传金, 孙赫, 季灵运. 基于InSAR技术的阿尔金断裂带东段震间形变监测[J]. 国际地震动态, 2018(8): 152-153.
LIU Chuan-jin, SUN He, JI Ling-yun. Interseismic deformation across the eastern segment of Altyn Tagh fault from InSAR measurements[J]. Recent Developments in World Seismology, 2018(8): 152-153 (in Chinese).
[36] 田景雄, 安娜. 贺兰山东麓新构造运动特征[J]. 中国西部科技, 2015, 14(12): 30-32.
TIAN Jing-xiong, AN Na. Features of neotectonics movement in the east of Helan Mountain[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2015, 14(12): 30-32 (in Chinese).
[37] 雷启云, 柴炽章, 杜鹏, 等.1739年平罗8级地震发震构造[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 413-429.
LEI Qi-yun, CHAI Zhi-zhang, DU Peng, et al. The seismogenic structure of the M8.0 Pingluo earthquake in 1739[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2015, 37(2): 413-429 (in Chinese).
[38] 郭增建, 马宗晋.中国特大地震研究[M]. 北京: 地震出版社, 1988.
GUO Zeng-jian, MA Zong-jin. Research of great earthquake in China[M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 1988 (in Chinese).
[39] 中屠炳明, 宋方敏, 曹忠权, 等. 秦岭北麓晚第四纪断层陡坎的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 1991(1): 15-25.
ZHONGTU bing-ming, SONG Fang-ming, CAO Zhong-quan, et al. Preliminary study on late quaternary fault scarps on the northern piedmont of Qiling mountain[J]. Seismology and Geology, 1991(1): 15-25 (in Chinese).
[40] 侯建军, 韩慕康, 张保增, 等. 秦岭北麓断裂带晚第四纪活动的地貌表现[J]. 地理学报, 1995, 50(2): 138-146.
HOU Jian-jun, HAN Mu-kang, ZHANG Bao-zeng, et al. Geomorphic expressions of the activity along north Qinling piedmont fault zone in the late quaternary period[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1995, 50(2): 138-146 (in Chinese).
[41] 张希, 张晓亮, 王双绪, 等.青藏块体东北缘近期地壳水平运动与应变积累[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2008, 28(4): 12-16+43.
ZHANG Xi, ZHANG Xiao-liang, WANG Shuang-xu, et al. Recent horizontal crustal movement and strain accumulation in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet block[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2008, 28(4): 12-16+43 (in Chinese).
[42] 张希, 张晓亮, 张四新, 等. 青藏块体东北缘近期GPS水平运动特征与汶川大震影响[J]. 地震研究, 2010, 33(4): 265-268.
ZHANG Xi, ZHANG Xiao-liang, ZHANG Si-xin, et al. Features of current horizontal movement observed by GPS and influence of the great Wenchuan earthquake in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang block[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 2010, 33(4): 265-268 (in Chinese).
[43] 陈文彬.河西走廊及邻近地区最新构造变形基本特征及构造成因分析[D]. 北京: 中国地震局地质研究所, 2003.
CHEN Wen-bin.Principal features of tectonic deformation and their generation mechanism in the Hexi Corridor and its adjacent regions since late quaternary[D]. Beijing: Institute of Geology, CEA, 2003 (in Chinese).
[44] 李强, 江在森, 武艳强, 等. 海原—六盘山断裂带现今构造变形特征[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2013, 33(2): 18-22.
LI Qiang, JIANG Zai-sen, WU Yan-qiang, et al.Present-day tectonic deformation characteristics of Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2013, 33(2): 18-22 (in Chinese).
[45] 蒋锋云, 季灵运, 赵强. 海原—六盘山断裂带现今地震危险性的数值模拟分析[J]. 地质力学学报, 2021, 27(2): 230-240.
JIANG Feng-yun, JI Ling-yun, ZHAO Qiang. Numerical simulation of the present seismic risk of the Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault zone[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2021, 27(2): 230-240 (in Chinese).
[46] 乔鑫, 屈春燕, 单新建, 等. 基于时序InSAR的海原断裂带形变特征及运动学参数反演[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(6): 1481-1496.
QIAO Xin, QU Chun-yan, SHAN Xin-jian, et al. Deformation characteristics and kinematic parameters inversion of Haiyuan fault zone based on time series InSAR[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2019, 41(6): 1481-1496 (in Chinese).
[47] 崔笃信, 王庆良, 胡亚轩, 等.用GPS数据反演海原断裂带断层滑动速率和闭锁深度[J]. 地震学报, 2009, 31(5): 516-525.
CUI Du-xin, WANG Qing-liang, HU Ya-xuan, et al.Inversion of GPS data for slip rates and locking depths of the Haiyuan fault[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2009, 31(5): 516-525 (in Chinese).
[48] 杨海波, 杨晓平, 黄雄南, 等. 祁连山北缘断裂带中段晚第四纪活动速率初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(1): 20-42.
YANG Hai-bo, YANG Xiao-ping, HUANG Xiong-nan, et al. A preliminary study about slip rate of middle segment of the northern Qilian thrust fault zone since late quaternary[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2017, 39(1): 20-42 (in Chinese).

The Estimation of Current Motion Rates and Slip Deficits of the Main Active Faults in the Northern Segment of the North-South Seismic Belt Based on GNSS Velocity Field

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Jian-jun, LI Wen-qiao, GONGQIU Zhuo-ma, SIJIN Luo-bu, CIREN Duo-ji, LI Jia-yi, ZHANG Jun-long. An Overview of Activity Rate Along the East Kunlun Fault Zone [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2024, 44(1): 118-140.
[2]	ZHANG Xia, DONG Yan-fang, HONG Shun-ying. Research on the Three-Dimensional Deformation along the Maqin-Maqu Section of the East Kunlun Fault zone from InSAR [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2023, 43(4): 169-184.
[3]	TIAN Wei-xi, ZHANG Yong-xian. Study on Earthquake Forecast in the North-South Seismic Belt by Pattern Informatics Method [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2023, 43(3): 159-177.
[4]	YANG Ye-xin, MENG Guo-jie, WU Wei-wei, LUO Yan, Thant Myo. Characteristics of Deep and Shallow Tectonics Deformation in Southwest Yunnan [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2023, 43(1): 74-92.
[5]	YANG Ye-xin, MENG Guo-jie, WU Wei-wei, ZHAO Guo-qiang. Characteristics of Crustal Strain and Stress in the Northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 1-13.
[6]	WANG Fei, DIAO Fa-qi, PAN Zheng-yang, SHAO Zhi-gang. Analysis of the Generalized Haiyuan Fault Motion State Based on Crustal Deformation Observation Data [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 14-24.
[7]	HE Meng, ZHANG Jing-fa, WEI Jiu-chuan, LUO Yi, WANG Xin, XIA Rui, GE Fu-gang, YANG Bin. Fine Interpretation of Faults in the Eastern Graben of Yishu Fault Zone from Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2022, 42(4): 137-148.
[8]	YANG Jiang, LI Ying, CHEN Zhi, SUN Feng-xia, ZHAO Jian-ming, LI Jing, WANG Jiang. Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Gas in the South-west and North-east Segments of the Tangshan Fault Zone, Northern China [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(3): 61-70.
[9]	YU Ji-peng, MENG Guo-jie, SU Xiao-ning, Nikolay Shestakov, Mikhail Gerasimenko, Hiroaki Takahashi, Mako Ohzono, LIU Tai, LI Cheng-tao. The Current Crustal Deformation of Northeast China Deduced from GPS Observations [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(3): 11-27.
[10]	LIU Xing-wang, YUAN Dao-yang, SHAO Yan-xiu, ZHANG Bo. Paleoearthquake Characteristics of the Eastern Segment of Yumen—Beidahe Fault in the Northern Margin of Qilian Shan [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(3): 1-10.
[11]	HU Ning, MA Zhi-min, WANG Ming-liang, WANG Yu, LOU Lu-ling, XIA Xiu-jun, ZHANG Bao-shan, WANG Wen-jing, GOU De-ke. Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Gas H₂ and Rn in the Tangdong Active Fault [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(2): 174-182.
[12]	WANG Jing. Calculation Method of Strain Rate Field Based on GPS Observation [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(2): 122-134.
[13]	CUI Zi-jian, CHEN Zhang-li, WANG Qin-cai, LI Jun. Characteristics of Focal Mechanism and Stress in the North-South Seismic Belt of China [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2019, 39(1): 1-10.
[14]	CHEN Qing-Yu, XIONG Ren-Wei, TIAN Qin-Jian. Segmentary Characteristics of the Geometrical Structure of the Longxian—Qishan—Mazhao Active Fault [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2018, 38(3): 66-80.
[15]	XU Hua-chao, WANG Hui, CAO Jian-ling. Slip Rates of the Major faults in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and Their Geodynamic Implications [J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2018, 38(3): 13-23.