用尾波干涉法监测介质波速变化研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多次散射形成的尾波由于在介质内部重复采样、迭加和放大的作用,对介质的微小变化十分敏感。尾波干涉法利用尾波的这一特点检测介质的微小变化。近年来利用尾波干涉法高精度检测介质波速变化已经广泛应用到地震学领域和材料无损检测中。本文从尾波干涉法的原理和方法及研究进展两方面进行介绍,着重介绍了重复地震、噪声和人工源在研究介质速度变化中取得的成果。利用尾波干涉法,可以更精细地了解介质动态演化过程。

关键词: 波速变化, 尾波干涉法, 互相关, 重复地震, 背景噪声

Abstract: Multiply scattered waves are sensitive to media changes owing to the effect of re-peated sampling, superposition and amplification. Based on this characteristic, small medi-um changes could be detected by using coda wave interferometry. In recent years, coda wave interferometry is widely used in estimating velocity variation with high precision in areas such as seismology and non-destructive testing. This paper systematically presents the principle, method and research status of coda wave interferometry respectively, especially focusing on research advances of media velocity variations by using repeating earth-quake,artificial source, and ambient seismic noise. Applications of coda wave interferome try can contribute to the more subtle understanding of dynamic evolution process in the medium.

Key words: Coda wave interferometry, Cross-correlation, Velocity variat ions, Repeating earthquakes, Ambient seismic noise

中图分类号:

P315.7

张金川, 王勤彩, 薛兵, 丁莉莎. 用尾波干涉法监测介质波速变化研究进展[J]. 地震, 2014, 34(3): 62-73.

ZHANG Jin-chuan, WANG Qin-cai, XUE Bing, Ding Li-sha. Monitoring Media V elocity Variations with Coda Wave Interferometry[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2014, 34(3): 62-73.

参考文献

[1] Birch F. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, part 1[J]. Journal of Geophys-ical Research, 1960, 65<4): 1083-1102.
[2] Simmons G. Velocity of shear waves in rocks to 10 kilobars 1[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1964,69(6): 1123-1130.
[3] Semenov A N. Variations in the travel time of transverse and longitudinal waves before violent earth-quakes[J]. Bull Acad Sci USSR, Phys Solid Earth, 1969, 3: 245-248.
[4] Aggarwal Y P, Sykes L R,Armbruster J, et al. Premonitory changes in seismic velocities and pre-diction of earthquakes[J]. Nature, 1973, 241: 101-104.
[5] Whitcomb J H, Garmany J D, Anderson D L. Earthquake prediction: V ariation of seismic velocities before the San Francisco earthquake[J]. Science, 1973,180(4 086): 632-635.
[6] McEvilly T, Johnson L. Stability of P and S velocities from Central California quarry blasts[J]. Bul-letin of the Seismological Society of America, 1974, 64(2): 343-353.
[7] Kanamori H, Fuis G. Variation of P-wave velocity before and after the Galway Lake earthquake (ML-5.2) and the Goat Mountain earthquakes (M.-4.7,4.7), 1975,in the Mojave desert, California [D]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1976 , 66(6): 2017-2037.
[8] Aki K Analysis of the seismie coda of local earthquakes as scattered waves[J]. Journal of geophysi-cal research, 1969, 74(2): 615-631.
[9] Aki K Theory of earthquake prediction with special reference to monitoring of the quality factor of lithosphere by the coda method[J]. Earthq Predict Res, 1985, 3: 219-230.
[10] Poupinet G, Ellsworth W, Frechet J Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using ear thquake doublets; An application to the Calaveras Fault, California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research; Solid Earth(1978-2012), 1984, 89(B7): 5719-5731
[11] Ratdomopurbo A, Poupinet G.Monitoring a temporal change of seismic velocity in a volcano; Appli-cation to the 1992 eruption of Mt. Merapi( Indonesia)[J]. Geophysical research ltters, 1995, 22(7): 775-778.
[12] Roberts P M, Pillips W S, Fehler M C. Development of the active doublet method for measuring small velocity and attenuation changes in solids[J] The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Ameri-ca, 1992, 91: 3291 3302.
[13] Snieder R, Gret A, Douma H, et al. Coda wave inter ferometry for estimating nonlinear behavior in seismic velocty[J]. Science, 2002, 295(5563): 2253-2255.
[14] Srieder R Coda wave interferometry and the equilibration of energy in elastic meda[J]. Physical Review E, 2002, 66(4): 046615.
[15] Gret A, Snieder R, Scales J.Time lapse monitoring of rock properties with coda wave interferome-try[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006, 11(B3).
[16] Snieder R. Monitoring change in volcanie interiors using coda wave interferometry: Application to Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2004, 31(9).
[17] Snieder R. Const raining the source separation with coda wave interferometry: Theory and applica-tion to erthquake doublets in the Hayward fault, California[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110(B4).
[18] Snieder R.The Theory of Coda Wave Interferometry[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2006, 163(2-3): 455-473.
[19] Carter G C.Coherence and time delay estimation[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1987, 75(2): 236-255.
[20] Wlker W F, Trahey G E. A fundamental limit on delay es timation using prtially correlated speckle signals[J]. Ult rasonics, Ferroeletrics and F requency Control, IEEE Transactions on,1995, 42(2): 301-308.
[21] Silver P G, Daley T M, Niu F, et al. Active Source Monitoring of Cross Well Seismic Travel Time for Stress Induced Changes[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2007. 97(1B): 281-293.
[22] 王宝善,王伟涛,葛洪魁,等.人工震源地下介质变化动态监测[J].地球科学进展,2011. (03): 249-256.
[23] Payan C, Garnier V, MoysanJ. Determination of nonlinear elastic constants and stress monitoring in concrete by coda waves analysis[J]. Eurpean Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2011,15(4): 519-531.
[24] Liu Z, Huang J, Li J. Comparison of four techniques for estimating temporal change of seismic ver locity wih passive image interferometry[J]. Earthquake Science, 2010, 23(5): 511-518.
[25] Bttaglia J, Metaxian J P, Garaebiti E.Earthquake-volcano interaction imaged by coda wave inter-ferometry[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2012,39(11).
[26] Poupinet G, Got J L, Brenguier F. Monitoring Temporal Variations of Physical Properties in the Crust by Cross Correlating the Wa veforms of Seismie Doublets[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 2008, 50: 373-399.
[27] Meier U, Shapiro N M, Brenguier F.Deteting seasonal variations in seismice velocities within Los Angeles basin from correlations of ambient seismic noise[J]. Geophysical Journal International, . 2010,181(2): 985-996.
[28] 宋丽莉, 葛洪魁,郭志伟,等.利用多次敞射波监测介质性质变化的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012, (04): 713-722.
[29] Sens Scbonfelder C, Wegler U. Passive image interferometry and seasonal variations of seismic ve locities at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia[J] Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(21).
[30] Minato S, Tsui T, Ohmi S, et al.Monitoring seismie velocity change caused by the 2011 Tohokur oki earthquake using ambient noise records[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2012, 39(9).
[31] Hadzioannou C, Larose E CoutantO,et al. Stability of monitoring weak changes in mutiply scat-tering media with ambient noise correlation; Laboratory experiments[J]. The Journal of the Acous-tical Society of America,2009, 125(6): 3688 3695.
[32] Geller R J, Mueller C S. Four similar earthquakes in central California[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1980, 7(10): 821-824.
[33] Zacarelli L, Pandolfi D, Bianco F, et al. Temporal changes in seismic wave propagation towards the end of the 2002 Mt Etna eruption[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2009,178(3): 1779-1788.
[34] Erdem J E, Waite G P. Temporal changes in eruptive behavior identified with coda wave interferom-etry and seismσ acoustic observations at Fuego Volcano, Guatemala[J] Geological Society of Amer-ica Special Papers, 2013,498: 107-123.
[35] Pandolfi D, BeanC J, Saccorotti G. Coda wave interferometri detection of seismic velocity changes associated with the 1999 M-3.6 event at Mt. Vesuvius[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006,33(6).
[36] Martini F, BeanC J, Saccoroti G, et al. Seasonal cycles of seismic velocity variations detected using coda wave interferometry at Fogo volcano, Sao Miguel, Azores, during 2003-2004[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2009, 181(3-4): 231-246.
[37] Nishimura T, Uchida N, Sato H, et al. Temporal changes of the crustal structure associated with the M6.1 earthquake on September 3, 1998, and the volcanie activity of Mount Iwate, Japan[J]. Geophysical research ltters, 2000, 27(2): 269-272.
[38] Nu F, Silver P G, Nadeau R M, et al. Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the 1993 Parkfield aseismie transient event[J]. Nature, 2003, 426(6966): 544-548.
[39] Li Y, Chen P, Cochran E S, et al. Seismie velocity variations on the San Andreas fault caused by the 2004 M6 Parkfield Earthquake and their implications[J] Earth Planets and Space, 2007, 59(1): 21.
[40] Larose E, Hall S. Monitoring stress related velocity variation in concrete with a 2X10 relative reso-lution using diffuse ultrasound[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009, 125: 1 853-1 856.
[41] Payan C, Garnier V, Moysan J,et al. Determination of third order elastic constants in a complex solid applying coda wave interferometry[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 94( 1): 011904.
[42] Michaels J E, Michaels T E. Detection of structural damage from the local temporal coherence of dif-fuse ultrasonic signals[J]. Ultrasonics, Ferroeletrics and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on, 2005, 52(10): 1769-1782.
[43] Niu F, Silver P G, Daley T M, et al. Preseismice velocity changes observed from active source moni-toring at the Parkield SAFOD dill siteC[J] Nature, 2008, 454(7201): 204208.
[44] Stahler S C, Sens-Schonfe Ider C, Niederleithinger E. Monitoring stess changes in a concrete bridge with coda wave interferometry[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2011, 129(4): 1945-1952.
[45] Zhang Y, Abraham O, Larose E, et al. Following stress level modification of real size concrete structures with coda wave interferometry( CWD[C]. Proeedings of the REVIEW OF PROGRESS . IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Volume 30A; Volume 30B, AIP Publishing, 2011: 1291 1298.
[46] 李娟. 震前物理过程可以捕捉吗[J].科学(上海), 2009, 61(1): 10-12.
[47] Gret A, Snieder R, Ozbay U u Monitoringin situstress changes in a mining environment with coda wave interferometry[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 167(2): 504-508.
[48] Wang B, Zhu P, Chen Y, et al. Continuous subsurface velocity measurement with coda wave inter-ferometry[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(B12).
[49] Ikuta R, Yamaoka K, Miyakawa K, et al. Continwous monitoring of propagation velocity of seismie wave using ACROSS[J]. Geophysical research ltters, 2002, 29(13): 5-1-5-5.
[50] 刘志坤. 利用背景噪声研究汶川地震厦源区及周边地壳介质地震波速度变化[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所, 2010.
[51] Shapiro N M, Campillo M.Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismie noise[J]. Geophy sical Research Letters, 2004, 31(7).
[52] Mordret A, Jolly A D, Duputel Z, et al Monitoring of phreatic eruptions using Interferometry on Retrieved Cross Correlation Func tion from Ambient Seismie Noise: Results from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zeal and[J]. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2010,191(1-2): 46-59.
[53] Brenguier F. Shapiro N M, Campillo M, et al Towards forecasting volcanic eruptions using seismic noise[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1(2): 126 130.
[54] Brenguier F, Campillo M, HadzioannouC, et al. Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas fault at Parkield from continuous seismological observations[J] Science, 2008, 321(5 895): 1478-1481.
[55] Wegler U, Nakahara H, Sens Schinfelder C, et al Sudden drop of seismie velocity after the 2004 M_6.6 mid Niigata earthquake, Japan, observed with Passive Image Interferometry[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114(B6).
[56] 刘志坤, 黄金莉.利用背景噪声互相关研究汶川地震属源区地震波速度变化[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(04): 853-863.
[57] Chen J H, Froment B, Liu Q Y, et aL. Distribution of seismie wave speed changes asciated with the 12 May 2008 M-7. 9 Wenchuan earthquake the 12 May 2008 M-7. 9 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2010, 37(18).
[58] Ohmi S, Hirahara K, Wada H, et al.Temporal variations of crustal struc ture in the source region of the 2007 Noto Hanto Earthquake, central Japan, with passive image interferometry[J]. Earth Plan-ets and Space (EPS), 2008, 60(10): 1069.
[59] Takagi R, Okada T, Nakahara H, et al.Coseismic velocity change in and around the focal region of the 2008 Iwate Miyagi Nairiku earthquake[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1978-2012),2012,117(B6).
[60] Takagi R, Okada T. Temporal change in shear velocity and polarization anisotropy related to the 2011 M9. 0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake examined using KiK-net vertical array data[J]. Geophysical Re-search Letters, 2012, 39(9).
[61] Yu T C,Hung S H. Temporal changes of seismic velocity associated with the 2006 Mw6.1 Taitung earthquake in an arc cont inent collision suture zone[J ]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2012,39(12).
[62] 赵盼盼,陈九辉,Campillo M,等.汶川地震区地壳速度相对变化的环境噪声自相关研究[J].地球物理学报,2012, (01): 137-145.
[63] Wegler U, Sens Schonfelder C. Fault zone monitoring with passive image interferometry[J]. Geo-physical Journal International, 2007,168(3): 1029-1033.
[64] 刘瑞丰,高景春,陈运泰,等.中国数字地震台网的建设与发展[J].地震学报,2008,(05): 533-539.